Moss, Algae, Lichens

Question 1

Algae definition

Answer 1

Single cells containing chlorophyll capable of making their own food from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.

Question 2

In what conditions do algae thrive?

Answer 2

moist, temperate conditions

Question 3

How do algae reproduce?

Answer 3

simple fission

Question 4

Lichens defined

Answer 4

Consist of two different kinds of organisms (algae and fungi) living in a close and mutually advantageous association.

Question 5

Describe the relationship between algae and fungi when they exist as lichens.

Answer 5

algae produce food for both organisms and fungi provide water and shelter for these composite organisms

Question 6

What are the most common forms of lichens?

Answer 6

crusty gray, green, yellow, or whitish growths, which may appear to be leaflike structures clinging closely to a surface or coarse hairlike structures hanging from tree branches.

Question 7

When is a time when lichens and algae need controlled?

Answer 7

when their growth is so great that they reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the leaves of the plants upon which they grow.

Question 8

When is it best to treat lichens and algae with chemicals?

Answer 8

When they are actively growing in winter

Question 9

list 3 examples of fungicides that can control algae and fungi

Answer 9

potassium laurate, copper hydroxide, metallic

Question 10

Do mosses or liverworts have roots?

Answer 10

No. However, they rhizoids (rootlike filaments) act like roots, anchoring the plants and taking materials out of the ground to make food.

Question 11

list the major differences between moss and liverworts

Answer 11

• liverwort plant body is not differentiated into stem and leaves but consists of a flattened frond called a thallus
• if the liverwort has leaves they are divided into segments that have no midrib or nerve.

Question 12

Are liverworts and mosses asexual?

Answer 12

Yes but they alternated reproduction from asexual to sexual and back

Question 13

How do mosses reproduce in dry places where they do not produce spores?

Answer 13

vegetative reproduction.

Question 14

What are ideal conditions for moss growth?

Answer 14

rainy seasons of fall winter and spring

Question 15

List control methods for moss on roofs.

Answer 15

• remove overhanging branches that shade roof
• remove as much moss as possible
• use liquid or granular application of pesticide

Question 16

What are the most effective chemicals for moss control?

Answer 16

Copper compounds such as copper naphthenate (copper metallic) and some registered herbicides.

Question 17

When should herbicides be applied to moss?

Answer 17

When it is actively growing

Question 18

What is the most effective control against moss in turf?

Answer 18

Maintaining a vigorous lawn

Question 19

What conditions are generally reflective of moss in turf?

Answer 19

• low soil fertility
• too much shade
• improper watering practices
• grass disease
• poorly drained or compacted soils

Question 20

What is the most common cause for the growth of moss in turf?

Answer 20

Lack of fertility. Regular fertilizing will help to develop a healthy , vigorous turf