Puberty And Menstrual Cycle Flashcards
What do hormones do at puberty?
Produce sexual characteristics
Stage 1 of menstrual cycle
Menstruation starts
Uterus lining breaks down for about 4 days
Stage 2 of menstrual cycle
Uterus lining builds up again from day 4 to 14
Into thick spongy layer full of blood vessels
Ready to receive a fertilised egg
Stage 3 of menstrual cycle
Egg develops and is released from ovary on day 14
Ovulation
Stage 4 of menstrual cycle
Wall is maintained for about 14 days
If no fertilised egg has landed on uterus by day 28, spongy lining starts to break down
4 hormones controlling menstrual cycle
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Oestrogen
Luteinising hormone
Progesterone
FSH
Produced - pituitary gland
Causes egg to mature in ovaries in a follicle
Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen
Oestrogen
Produced - ovaries
Causes lining of uterus to grow
Stimulates release of LH and inhibits release of FSH
LH
Produced - pituitary gland
Stimulates release of an egg at day 14
Progesterone
Produced - ovaries by remains of follicle after ovulation
Maintains lining of uterus during second half of cycle
When level falls, lining breaks down
Inhibits release of LH and FSH
Methods of contraception
Taking hormones (oestrogen and progesterone in a pill)
Contraceptive patch/injection
Intrauterine device (IUD)
Non-hormonal forms of contraception
Condoms
Diaphragm
Spermicide
More drastic ways to avoid pregnancy
Sterilisation
Abstinence
Avoiding intercourses when menstruating
IVF
Can help infertile couples to have children
Involves collecting eggs from woman’s ovaries and fertilising them in a lab using the man’s sperm
