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Biology Paper 2 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA

A

Chemical that all the genetic material in a cell is made up from

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2
Q

How is DNA a polymer?

A

Made up of lots of repeating units called nucleotides

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3
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

Nucleus of animal and plant cells

In long structures called chromosomes

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4
Q

Gene

A

Small section of DNA found on a chromosome

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5
Q

What does each gene code for?

A

Particular sequence of amino acids which make a specific protein

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6
Q

What does DNA determine?

A

What proteins cell produces

E.g. haemoglobin, keratin

Which determines what type of cell it is

E.g. red blood cell, skin cell

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7
Q

Genome

A

Entire set of genetic material in an organism

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8
Q

Why is understanding the human genome important for science and medicine?

A

Allows scientists to identify genes in genome that are linked to different diseases

Knowing which genes are linked to inherited diseases can help develop treatments

Scientists can trace migration

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9
Q

What is DNA made up of?

A

Nucleotides

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10
Q

What does each nucleotide consist of?

A

1 sugar molecule

1 phosphate molecule

1 base

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11
Q

What shape is a phosphate?

A

Oval

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12
Q

What shape is a sugar?

A

Pentagon

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13
Q

What shape is a base?

A

Rectangle

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14
Q

What do the sugar and phosphate molecules in the nucleotides form?

A

‘Backbone’ to DNA strands

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15
Q

What are the 4 bases?

A

A

C

T

G

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16
Q

What does 1 of the 4 bases joint to?

A

Each sugar

17
Q

What base links with A?

A

T

18
Q

What base pairs with C?

A

G

19
Q

What is the pairing of the bases called?

A

Complementary base pairing

20
Q

What do the order of bases decide?

A

Order of amino acids in a protein

21
Q

What is each amino acid coded for by?

A

A sequence of 3 bases

22
Q

What controls whether or not a gene is expressed?

A

Non-coding parts of DNA

23
Q

Where are proteins made?

A

In ribosomes

24
Q

How do ribosomes make proteins?

A

Using code in DNA

25
Q

What is the problem about having the DNA in the nucleus?

What is the solution?

A

Cannot move about because too big

Cell gets code from DNA to ribosome using mRNA

26
Q

mRNA

A

Made by copying code from DNA

Acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosome

27
Q

What do carrier molecules do?

A

Carry correct amino acids to ribosomes in correct order

Biology Paper 2 (26 decks)

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