Puberty: Advancements, Delays, Investigations And Management 08.12.23

Question 1

What is the definitive sign on puberty in girls?

Answer 1

Menarche - first menstrual bleed

Question 2

What is the definitive sign on puberty in boys?

Answer 2

First ejaculation, often nocturnal

Question 3

What are the Tanner stages?

Answer 3

Stages of genitalia growth in puberty for boys and girls

Question 4

What is the first visible change of puberty in girls?

Answer 4

Thelarche - breast development

Question 5

What are the 3 effects of estogen on the breast?

Answer 5

Ductal proliferation
Site specific adipose deposition
Enlargement of the areole and nipple

Question 6

What are the differences between prepubertal and pubertal uterus and ovaries?

Answer 6

Slide 11

Question 7

What are the differences between prepubertal and pubertal vagina?

Answer 7

Slide 14

Question 8

What happens to the maturation of the external genitalia under the effect of oestrogen?

Answer 8

Labia majora and Minorca increase in size and thickness

Rugation and change in colour of the labia majora

Hymen thickens

Clitoris enlarge

Vestibular glands begin secretion

Question 9

What is the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before 8 years (girl) and 9 years (boy)?

Answer 9

Precocious puberty

Question 10

Menarche before 9 years may lead to what?

Answer 10

Short stature

Question 11

Define delayed puberty

Answer 11

Absence of secondary sexual characteristics by 14 years (girl), 16 years (boy)

Question 12

Delayed puberty can lead to what?

Answer 12

Reduced peak bone mass and osteoporosis

Question 13

A boy with early puberty has a very high risk of what?

Answer 13

Tumours

Question 14

What is the hypothalamic regulation of GnRH secretion?

Answer 14

At the start of puberty, increased stimulators factors most prominently glumate and kisspeptin

Decreased inhibitory tone mostly through GABAergic neurons secreting lambda-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and opioidergic neurons