Appetite Regulation 04.12.23 Flashcards

1
Q

Define appetite

A

Desire to eat food

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2
Q

Define anorexia (acutely)

A

Lack of appetite

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3
Q

Define satiety

A

Feeling of fullness - disappearance of appetite after a meal

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4
Q

Define body mass index (BMI)

A

Weight (kg) / height (m squared)

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5
Q

What are the ranges for BMI?

A

<18.5 underweight
18.5 - 24.9 normal
25.0 - 29.9 overweight
30.0 - 39.9 obese
>40 morbidly obese

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6
Q

Risks of obesity (7)

A

Type II diabetes
Hypertension
Coronary artery disease
Stroke
Osteoarthritis
Obstructive sleep apnoea
Carcinoma —> breast, endometrium, prostate, colon

ESPECIALLY abdominal (visceral) rather than subcutaneous fat

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7
Q

Which part of the brain plays a key role in appetite regulation?

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the body which regulate appetite?

A

Adipose tissue

GI tract

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

What does leptin do? Where is it expressed?

A

Binds to leptin receptor in hypothalamus and switches off appetite and is immunostimulatory

SO when fat cell mass is increase, there is increased leptin + insulin, then increased action in hypothalamus, activates POMC neuron which decreases food intake

Expressed in white fat

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10
Q

What is peptide YY (PYY)? What does it do?

A

Binds to NPY receptors, secreted by neuroendocrine cells in ileum, pancreas and colon in response to food, inhibits gastric motility, reduces appetite.

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11
Q

What does cholecystokinin do?

A

Receptors in pyloric sphincter
- delays gastric emptying
- gall bladder contraction
- insulin release

and via vagus - satiety

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12
Q

What does ghrelin do?

A

stimulates - Growth hormone release
- appetite - orexigenic

Blood levels high when fasting, fall on re-feeding
Levels lower after gastric bypass surgery

Expressed in stomach

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13
Q

What are the 7 key regulators for AMPK in the hypothalamus?

A

NPY
Glucose
Insulin
Ghrelin
Leptin
aMSH
AgRP

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