Calcium And Parathyroid Hormone 07.12.23 Flashcards

1
Q

Parathyroid hormone actions

A

Slide 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What Does a small change in serum calcium result in a large or small change in PTH?

A

Large - slide 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypocalcaemia - what two measurements in the blood are low?

A

Low total serum calcium and low ionised calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the equation for corrected calcium?

A

Total serum calcium + 0.02 * (40 - serum albumin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Consequences of hypocalcaemia

A

Parasthesia (pins and needles)
Muscle spasm (hands and feet, larynx, premature labour)
Seizures
Basal ganglia calcification
Cataracts
ECG abnormalities (long QT interval)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 signs used to check for hypocalcaemia

A

Chvostek’s sign (tap over the facial nerve, look for spasm of facial muscles)

Trousseau’s sign (inflate the blood pressure cuff to 20mm Hg above systolic for 5 minutes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the common symptoms and consequences of hypercalaemia?

A

Thirst (polyuria)
Nausea
Constipation
Confusion —> coma

Renal stones
ECG abnormalities (short QT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of hypercalcaemia

A

Malignancy —> bone mets, myeloma, PTHrP, lymphoma
Primary hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What % of hypercalcaemic cases are caused by malignancy or primary hyperparathyroidism

A

90%

Other 10% is thiazides, thyrotoxicosis, sarcoidosis, familial hypocalciuric/benign hypercalcaemia, immobilisation, milk-alkali, adrenal insufficiency, phaeochromocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Consequences of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Bones (osteitis fibrosis cystica, osteoporosis)
Kidney stones
Psychic groans (confusion)
Abdominal moans (constipation, acute pancreatitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, 80% are due to what

A

Single benign adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, 15-20% are due to what

A

Four gland hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

See parathyroid handout (word doc)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly