Functional Anatomy And Physiology Of The Endocrine System 04.12.23

Question 1

What are the parts of the body involved in the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovary
Testes

Question 2

Define endocrine

Answer 2

(within/separate) glands ‘pour’ secretions into blood stream (thyroid, adrenal, beta cells of pancreas)

Question 3

Define exocrine

Answer 3

(outside) – glands ‘pour’ secretions through a duct to site of action (pancreas - amylase, lipase)

Question 4

What are the 3 hormone actions?

Answer 4

Endocrine, paracrine, autocrine

Question 5

Which hormone action is blood-borne, acting at distant sites?

Answer 5

Endocrine

Question 6

Which hormone action is acting on adjacent sites?

Answer 6

Paracrine

Question 7

Which hormone action provides feedback on same cell that secreted hormone?

Answer 7

Autocrine

Question 8

Differences in water-soluble and fat-soluble molecules?

Answer 8

Slide 9

Question 9

Where are peptide hormones stored?

Answer 9

In vesicles

Question 10

When are steroids produced?

Answer 10

Synthesised on demand

Question 11

What are the 4 hormone classes?

Answer 11

1. Peptides
2. Amines
3. Iodothyronines
4. Cholesterol derivatives and steroids

Question 12

Slides 10-23!!!!

Question 13

What are the 5 control of hormone actions?

Answer 13

Hormone metabolism

Hormone receptor induction

Hormone receptor down regulation

Synergism

Antagonism

Question 14

-ve and positive feedback

Answer 14

Slide 25 + 26

Question 15

Anterior and posterior lobes of pituitary and what is released

Question 16

Oxytocin action

Question 17

Pituitary Dsyfunction + what are the investigations

Answer 17

Tumour mass effects
Hormone excess
Hormone deficiency

Investigations - hormonal tests, if abnormal then MRI pituitary

Question 18

Hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis

Answer 18

Slide 36

Question 19

Thyroid hormone function

Answer 19

Slide 38

Question 20

Actions of cortisol

Answer 20

Slide 39

Question 21

adrenal glands - layers and what they produce

Answer 21

Slide 40 + 41

Question 22

RAS system

Answer 22

Slide 42

Question 23

Adrenal hormones in stress

Answer 23

Slide 43

Question 24

Hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis

Answer 24

Slide 44

Question 25

Steroidogenesis - gonads

Answer 25

Slide 45

Question 26

Hyperprolactinaemia

Answer 26

Slide 46

Question 27

Define hormone metabolism

Answer 27

Increased metabolism to reduce function

Question 28

Define hormone receptor induction

Answer 28

Induction of LH receptors by FSH in follicle

Question 29

Define hormone receptor down regulation

Answer 29

Hormone secreted in large quantities cause down regulation of its target receptors

Question 30

Define synergism

Answer 30

Combined effects of two hormones amplified (e.g. glucagon with epinephrine)

Question 31

Define antagonism

Answer 31

One homrome opposed other hormone (glucagon antagonises insulin)