Puberty 🤦🏼♀️ Flashcards
When is girls growth spurt complete
menarche
Female genital tract, no functional gonads, short stature, amenorrhea
Turner’s Syndrome (XO)
Klinefelter’s Syndrome (47,XXY) treatment
GH first then supplemental sex steroids
sperm production and ejaculatory capability are developed around _________ years old
- 5-13.7
* *******
Anosmia 👃🏽🚫
Kallman’s Syndrome
Can ovaries develop with just one X chromosome?
No, need two.
XO (Turners) = ovarian dysgenesis
High levels of estrogen can have what affect on stature
short 💁🏼♀️
Lack of pubertal development, associated with short stature
Gondaotropin deficiency
In the presence of testosterone, ________ are transformed into male reproductive tract (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles)
Wolffian ducts 🐺
XY individuals lacking an SRY gene:
no gonads
develops as female 💁🏼♀️
What follows pubarche
menarche (first menstrual period)
When is adult testicular volume and penile size achieved?
16 years old
💁🏼♀️In girls, growth spurt begins:
💁🏽♂️In boys, growth spirt begins:
early puberty
near the end of puberty (almost 2 years later than in girls)
Individuals with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are XX, they have ovaries and internal genitalia, and they have female external genitalia that ______
virilizes
enlarged clitoris to penile clitoris
labial folds can appear as empty scrotum (crytochidism)
When is the final height achieved for boys
18 years old
Why do female gonads NOT develop into testicles
lack SRY gene
Major determinant of pubertal timing is
genetic 🧬🧬🧬🧬
Which hormone are important during pubertal growth spurt
GH
IGF-1
Puberty may be initiated by a reduction in ____ secretion from the pineal gland
melatonin 🌜😴
What is more important than weight in timing of puberty
percentage of body fat (16-23.5)
The SRY gene of the Y chromosome makes the ______ which promotes testis differentiation during gestational weeks ____
TDF - Testis Determining Factor
gestational weeks 6-7
What is the treatment Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty
Surgical tumor removal 🔪
both Wolffian and Müllerian ducts regress
blind-ended vagina and testes
complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
What is responsible for pubertal timing?
increase in pulsatile GnRH release
first occurs during sleep: increase ratio of LH/FSH release in both sexes that correlates with the onset of early puberty
Most common form of primary testicular failure
Klinefelter’s Syndrome (47,XXY)
What follows thelarche
pubarche (pubic hair)
HYPOgonadotropic Hypogonadism =
Kallman’s syndrome
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia symptoms due to adrenal or gonadal androgen excess:
acne
clitoromegaly
hirsutism
What is the start of puberty marked by in BOYS 💁🏽♂️
gonadarche (increase in testicular size)
When does menarche usually occur
by 13th birthday
HYPERgonadotropic Hypogonadism =
Turner’s Syndrome
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
What functions to fuse epiphyses towards the end of puberty in both males and females
Estrogen
Absence of binding affinity of testosterone to androgen receptors leads to:
complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
testosterone is present, bu the message “can’t be read” by the structure
How do the Müllerian ducts in males degenerate
testes secrete Müllerian-inhibiting factor
primary gonadal failure =
Turner’s Syndrome (XO)
men have ____ x higher lean body mass, skeletal mass and muscle mass than women
women have ____ x body fat
1.5
2
Absence of Müllerian-inhibiting factor leads to the development of:
female reproductive tracts
oviducts, uterus
If a fetus is lacking an SRY gene, when during gestation do the ovaries develop
week 9
What promotes the development of undifferentiated external genitalia along male lines (penis, scrotum)
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
What happens to gonadotropin levels at menopause
rise to very high levels
What are the three levels of differences between males and females
- genetic sex
- gonadal sex
- phenotypic sex
no hormones are needed to cause the development of the external genitalia in females, but growth to normal size does depend on:
Estradiol
What is the difference in the first few cycles of menarche
non-ovulatory for first few cycles,
no positive feed back by estrogen
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Turner’s Syndrome (XO) treatment
GH first then supplemental sex steroids
Absence of Testosterone leads to the development of:
undifferentiated external genitalia along female lines (clitoris, labia)
Melatonin (inhibits/stimulates) GnRH release
inhibits
XY with defective anti-Müllerian hormone production or action
testes, both male and female internal genitalia with male external genitalia
XX individuals with SRY translocation
Testes
develops as male 💁🏽♂️
What is the treatment for Gonadotropin Deficiency
supplemental sex-steroid
How do the Wolffian ducts in females degenerate 🐺
absence of testosterone
21-hydroxylase deficiency causes excessive _____, which results in ________ of the adrenal cortex and excessive ________
ACTH
hyperplasia
androgens
What is the treatment for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
iaparoscopic gonadectomy followed by estrogen replacement therapy
which hormones are needed to cause the development of the female gonads (ovaries)
NONE
only two functional X chromosomes are needed
Most common cause of genital ambiguity
21-hydroxylase deficiency
complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
internal genitalia?
no ovaries
no uterus
male testis
5a-reductase deficiency
testes, male internal genitalia with female-like external genitalia
Treatment for Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty
long-acting GnRH agonists
What happens if a gonadal female is exposed to high levels of androgens in utero?
external genitalia will differentiate into male-like phenotype
What accounts for the most of the difference in stature between boys and girls
longer time for boys to reach puberty
Both LH and FSH peak during ____ in life
fetal and infancy
What is the difference between Gonadotropin deficiency and primary gonadal failure
Gonadotropin deficiency = deficiency of pulsatile release of gonadotropins
primary gonadal failure = low gonadal hormones result in high gonadotropins due to lack of negative feedback
What causes Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty
Estrogen-producing ovarian cyst
complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is usually diagnosed in infancy due to ______
If not, it is diagnosed at puberty due to _________
inguinal masses
primary amenorrhea
What is the start of puberty marked by in GIRLS 💁🏼♀️
thelarche (breast development)
Failure of fetal migration of FnRH neurons to the hypothalamus
Kallman’s Syndrome
XY with absence of testosterone production or action
testes, no male or female internal genitalia with female-like external genitalia
When does LH and FSH oscillate at regular monthly intervals
from puberty to menopause
“reproductive years”
Which hormone is associated with a metabolic signal from adipose tissue that may control the onset of puberty
Leptin
from obese (ob) gene
