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Phys 2 Exam 3 👉🏼👌🏼 > Puberty 🤦🏼‍♀️ > Flashcards

Puberty 🤦🏼‍♀️ Flashcards

1
Q

When is girls growth spurt complete

A

menarche

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2
Q

Female genital tract, no functional gonads, short stature, amenorrhea

A

Turner’s Syndrome (XO)

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3
Q

Klinefelter’s Syndrome (47,XXY) treatment

A

GH first then supplemental sex steroids

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4
Q

sperm production and ejaculatory capability are developed around _________ years old

A
  1. 5-13.7

* *******

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5
Q

Anosmia 👃🏽🚫

A

Kallman’s Syndrome

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6
Q

Can ovaries develop with just one X chromosome?

A

No, need two.

XO (Turners) = ovarian dysgenesis

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7
Q

High levels of estrogen can have what affect on stature

A

short 💁🏼‍♀️

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8
Q

Lack of pubertal development, associated with short stature

A

Gondaotropin deficiency

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9
Q

In the presence of testosterone, ________ are transformed into male reproductive tract (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles)

A

Wolffian ducts 🐺

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10
Q

XY individuals lacking an SRY gene:

A

no gonads

develops as female 💁🏼‍♀️

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11
Q

What follows pubarche

A

menarche (first menstrual period)

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12
Q

When is adult testicular volume and penile size achieved?

A

16 years old

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13
Q

💁🏼‍♀️In girls, growth spurt begins:

💁🏽‍♂️In boys, growth spirt begins:

A

early puberty

near the end of puberty (almost 2 years later than in girls)

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14
Q

Individuals with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are XX, they have ovaries and internal genitalia, and they have female external genitalia that ______

A

virilizes

enlarged clitoris to penile clitoris
labial folds can appear as empty scrotum (crytochidism)

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15
Q

When is the final height achieved for boys

A

18 years old

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16
Q

Why do female gonads NOT develop into testicles

A

lack SRY gene

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17
Q

Major determinant of pubertal timing is

A

genetic 🧬🧬🧬🧬

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18
Q

Which hormone are important during pubertal growth spurt

A

GH

IGF-1

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19
Q

Puberty may be initiated by a reduction in ____ secretion from the pineal gland

A

melatonin 🌜😴

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20
Q

What is more important than weight in timing of puberty

A

percentage of body fat (16-23.5)

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21
Q

The SRY gene of the Y chromosome makes the ______ which promotes testis differentiation during gestational weeks ____

A

TDF - Testis Determining Factor

gestational weeks 6-7

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22
Q

What is the treatment Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty

A

Surgical tumor removal 🔪

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23
Q

both Wolffian and Müllerian ducts regress

blind-ended vagina and testes

A

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

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24
Q

What is responsible for pubertal timing?

A

increase in pulsatile GnRH release

first occurs during sleep: increase ratio of LH/FSH release in both sexes that correlates with the onset of early puberty

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25
Q

Most common form of primary testicular failure

A

Klinefelter’s Syndrome (47,XXY)

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26
Q

What follows thelarche

A

pubarche (pubic hair)

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27
Q

HYPOgonadotropic Hypogonadism =

A

Kallman’s syndrome

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28
Q

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia symptoms due to adrenal or gonadal androgen excess:

A

acne
clitoromegaly
hirsutism

29
Q

What is the start of puberty marked by in BOYS 💁🏽‍♂️

A

gonadarche (increase in testicular size)

30
Q

When does menarche usually occur

A

by 13th birthday

31
Q

HYPERgonadotropic Hypogonadism =

A

Turner’s Syndrome

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

32
Q

What functions to fuse epiphyses towards the end of puberty in both males and females

A

Estrogen

33
Q

Absence of binding affinity of testosterone to androgen receptors leads to:

A

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

testosterone is present, bu the message “can’t be read” by the structure

34
Q

How do the Müllerian ducts in males degenerate

A

testes secrete Müllerian-inhibiting factor

35
Q

primary gonadal failure =

A

Turner’s Syndrome (XO)

36
Q

men have ____ x higher lean body mass, skeletal mass and muscle mass than women

women have ____ x body fat

A

1.5

2

37
Q

Absence of Müllerian-inhibiting factor leads to the development of:

A

female reproductive tracts

oviducts, uterus

38
Q

If a fetus is lacking an SRY gene, when during gestation do the ovaries develop

A

week 9

39
Q

What promotes the development of undifferentiated external genitalia along male lines (penis, scrotum)

A

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

40
Q

What happens to gonadotropin levels at menopause

A

rise to very high levels

41
Q

What are the three levels of differences between males and females

A
  1. genetic sex
  2. gonadal sex
  3. phenotypic sex
42
Q

no hormones are needed to cause the development of the external genitalia in females, but growth to normal size does depend on:

A

Estradiol

43
Q

What is the difference in the first few cycles of menarche

A

non-ovulatory for first few cycles,
no positive feed back by estrogen
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

44
Q

Turner’s Syndrome (XO) treatment

A

GH first then supplemental sex steroids

45
Q

Absence of Testosterone leads to the development of:

A

undifferentiated external genitalia along female lines (clitoris, labia)

46
Q

Melatonin (inhibits/stimulates) GnRH release

A

inhibits

47
Q

XY with defective anti-Müllerian hormone production or action

A

testes, both male and female internal genitalia with male external genitalia

48
Q

XX individuals with SRY translocation

A

Testes

develops as male 💁🏽‍♂️

49
Q

What is the treatment for Gonadotropin Deficiency

A

supplemental sex-steroid

50
Q

How do the Wolffian ducts in females degenerate 🐺

A

absence of testosterone

51
Q

21-hydroxylase deficiency causes excessive _____, which results in ________ of the adrenal cortex and excessive ________

A

ACTH
hyperplasia
androgens

52
Q

What is the treatment for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

iaparoscopic gonadectomy followed by estrogen replacement therapy

53
Q

which hormones are needed to cause the development of the female gonads (ovaries)

A

NONE

only two functional X chromosomes are needed

54
Q

Most common cause of genital ambiguity

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

55
Q

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

internal genitalia?

A

no ovaries
no uterus

male testis

56
Q

5a-reductase deficiency

A

testes, male internal genitalia with female-like external genitalia

57
Q

Treatment for Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty

A

long-acting GnRH agonists

58
Q

What happens if a gonadal female is exposed to high levels of androgens in utero?

A

external genitalia will differentiate into male-like phenotype

59
Q

What accounts for the most of the difference in stature between boys and girls

A

longer time for boys to reach puberty

60
Q

Both LH and FSH peak during ____ in life

A

fetal and infancy

61
Q

What is the difference between Gonadotropin deficiency and primary gonadal failure

A

Gonadotropin deficiency = deficiency of pulsatile release of gonadotropins

primary gonadal failure = low gonadal hormones result in high gonadotropins due to lack of negative feedback

62
Q

What causes Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty

A

Estrogen-producing ovarian cyst

63
Q

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is usually diagnosed in infancy due to ______

If not, it is diagnosed at puberty due to _________

A

inguinal masses

primary amenorrhea

64
Q

What is the start of puberty marked by in GIRLS 💁🏼‍♀️

A

thelarche (breast development)

65
Q

Failure of fetal migration of FnRH neurons to the hypothalamus

A

Kallman’s Syndrome

66
Q

XY with absence of testosterone production or action

A

testes, no male or female internal genitalia with female-like external genitalia

67
Q

When does LH and FSH oscillate at regular monthly intervals

A

from puberty to menopause

“reproductive years”

68
Q

Which hormone is associated with a metabolic signal from adipose tissue that may control the onset of puberty

A

Leptin

from obese (ob) gene

Phys 2 Exam 3 👉🏼👌🏼 (5 decks)

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