pts sba 1 Flashcards
Ticagrelor
- Ticagrelor is an antiplatelet medicine.
- It makes your blood flow through your veins more easily.
- This means your blood will be less likely to make a dangerous blood clot.
- Taking ticagrelor can help prevent blood clots if you have an increased risk of having them.
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medicine
Warfarin
Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant
difference between antiplatelets and anticoagulants
Anticoagulants, such as heparin or warfarin (also called Coumadin), slow down your body’s process of making clots.
Antiplatelets, such as aspirin and clopidogrel, prevent blood cells called platelets from clumping together to form a clot.
Antiplatelets are mainly taken by people who have had a heart attack or stroke.
dalteparin
Dalteparin is sed to prevent deep venous thrombosis
Fragmin (dalteparin) is an anticoagulant (blood thinner),
- Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medicine. It prevents platelets (a type of blood cell) from sticking together and forming a dangerous blood clot.
- Guidelines recommend ticagrelor over clopidogrel as part of dual antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (or aspirin) in the treatment of individuals with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), regardless of plans for invasive management.
spironolactone
Spironolactone is a diuretic that treats high blood pressure and heart failure. It can also reduce swelling related to heart, kidney or liver disease. It helps your kidneys remove more fluid and salt from your blood through your pee without losing too much potassium.
Spironolactone is an aldosterone receptor antagonist used to treat edema, hypertension, heart failure, and aldosteronism. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic.
It promotes sodium and water excretion and potassium retention.
Question 2- Answer A – Inhibition of aldosterone receptor in the distal tubules
(B) inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes in proximal tubules= COX inhibitor e.g Aspirin. (C) Inhibition
of L-type voltage gated calcium channel in the nephron= calcium channel blocker e.g Amlodipine. (D)
inhibition of the sodium chloride transporter in the distal convoluted tubule= thiazide-like diuretic e.g
Bendroflumethiazide. (E)Inhibition of the sodium/potassium/chloride symporter in the loop of Henle=
loop diuretics e.g furosemide.
Spironolactone is a diuretic that treats high blood pressure and heart failure.
Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It works by blocking a substance in the body that causes blood vessels to tighten. As a result, ramipril relaxes the blood vessels. This lowers blood pressure and increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart.
high bp and afrocaribbean first line of treatment
ccb - amlodipine
intolerant to ccb and high bp
what do you give
started on angiotensin receptive blocker (ARB) like losartan
ABCD2 score
The ABCD2 Score for TIA estimates risk of stroke (CVA) after a transient ischemic attack (TIA), according to patient risk factors.
QRISK2 score
Your QRISK score will tell you whether you are at low, moderate or high risk of developing CVD in the next 10 years
The higher the score, the greater the risk.
wells score
The Wells’ Criteria for DVT Objectifies risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) based on clinical findings.
CHA2DS2-VASc score
stroke risk in pateints with A.Fib
furosemide
- Furosemide belongs to a group of medicines called loop diuretics (also known as water pills).
- Furosemide is given to help treat fluid retention (edema) and swelling that is caused by congestive heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, or other medical conditions.
- It works by acting on the kidneys to increase the flow of urine.
primary vs secondary hyperaldosteronism
Question 14- Answer A- Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis
The hypothalamus produces Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) that acts on the pituitary gland
to produce Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) which acts on the adrenal glands to produce
cortisol.
dexamethasone test
Dexamethasone suppression test measures the response of the adrenal glands to ACTH.
cranial vs nephrogenic DI test
thyrotoxicosis
another term for hyperthyroidism.
Type 3c diabetes, sometimes referred to as pancreatogenic diabetes, is a type of diabetes associated with chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and other conditions.
Question 20- Answer A -
Carcinoid syndrome
Carcinoid syndrome is paraneoplastic syndrome that has a classical triad of cardiac involvement,
diarrhoea and flushing. Its due to the tumour cells producing 5-HT.
contrast vs non contrast CT
