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*phase 2a mocks > mock 13 > Flashcards

mock 13 Flashcards

1
Q

clinical examinations on someone with heart failure

A
  • Basal crackles (bilateral)
  • Peripheral oedema (bilateral)
  • Dull percussion at the lung bases
  • Raised jugular venous pressure (JVP)
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Gallop rhythm (S3 or S4 heart sounds)
  • Tachypnoea
  • Tachycardia
  • Cyanosis Cold
  • Pale
  • Confusion/agitation
  • Syncope/pre-syncope
  • Narrow pulse pressure
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2
Q

classification system of heart failure

A

NYHA

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3
Q

1st line and gold standard of HF

A

NT Pro-BNP
ECG

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4
Q

what does an FEV1:FVC ratio < 0.7 indicate

A

this indicates an obstructive picture

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5
Q

high curb-65 score treatment

A

IV co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin

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6
Q

most common bacteria for community aquired pneumonia

A

S.Pneumoniae

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7
Q

anaphylaxis pathophysiology

A
  1. Trigger that stimulates IgE production (1 mark)
  2. IgE stimulates mast cells (1 mark)
  3. To release histamine(1 mark)
  4. Degranulation (1 mark)
  5. This causes a rapid onset of symptoms, with airway, breathing and/or circulation
    compromise (1 mark)
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8
Q

blood test for anaphylaxis

A

mast cell trypase

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9
Q

differentials of breast lump

A
  • Cancer
  • Fibroadenoma
  • Breast Implant
  • Hamartoma
  • Breast Cyst
  • Breast Abscess
  • Lipoma
  • Intra-mammary lymph node
  • Ductal papilloma
  • Fat necrosis
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10
Q

COCP increases and decreases chance of what

Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COCP)

A

Increased risk of: breast/ cervical cancer
lowers risk of: ovarian/ endometrial

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11
Q

sensitivity

A

Sensitivity = Proportion of people with a disease that have a positive test result

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12
Q

specificity

A

Specificity = Proportion of people without the disease that have a negative test result

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13
Q

stroke acute treatment

A

300mg

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14
Q

mechanism action of clopidogrel

A

P2Y12 inhibitor

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15
Q

scoring system to identify stroke

A

CHADVASc

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16
Q

first line treatment of stroke

A

DOAC

17
Q

atheroscleorisis process

A
  1. Endothelial Dysfunction. Injury to endothelial lining, caused by factors like
    hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol.
  2. Lipid Accumulation. LDL cholesterol penetrates damaged endothelium. Accumulates
    in subendothelial space.
  3. Foam Cell Formation. Monocytes transform into macrophages. Macrophages engulf
    LDL, forming foam cells.
  4. Inflammation and Smooth Muscle Activation. Inflammatory response attracts
    immune cells. Smooth muscle cells proliferate and migrate.
  5. Plaque Formation. Smooth muscle cells deposit collagen, forming fibrous cap.
    Calcium deposits contribute to plaque hardening.
  6. Plaque Rupture and Thrombosis. Fibrous cap weakens, leading to plaque rupture.
    Thrombus formation causes artery occlusion and clinical manifestations.
18
Q

name the likely causative organism in this scenario

A

Neisseria meningitidis

19
Q

bacterial meningitis - lumbar puncture

A

low glucose
high protein
high neutrophil

20
Q

primary care meningitis

A

IV or IM benzylpenicillin

21
Q

The patient deteriorates further and develops a non-blanching purpuric rash
what complication of meningitis has occurred:

A

meningocal speticaemia

22
Q

who to notify for bacterial meningitis

A

public health england

23
Q

close contacts of meningitis medication

A

ciproflaxin

24
Q

iatrogenics that can arise from treatment of DKA

A

hypoglycaemia and hypokalaemia

25
Q

Ann harbour staging for?

A

lymphoma staging

26
Q

allopurinol

A

Allopurinol is used to prevent or lower high uric acid levels in the blood. It is also used to prevent or lower excess uric acid levels caused by cancer medicines or in patients with kidney stones.

27
Q

development of gall stones risk factor

A

5Fs
fat forty female fertile fair

28
Q

antibodies that suggest a diagnosis of RA

A

anti-ccp and R.F

29
Q

R.A Loss or Less

A

Loss
Loss of joint space, erosions, soft tissue swelling and soft bones (osteopenia)

30
Q

screenings examples and ages

A

Breast cancer screening (50-71) , AAA (65 men), bowel cancer FIT testing (60-74), cervical
cancer (25-64), diabetic eye screening (12+)

31
Q

antibodies for Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple sclerosis:

A

Anti MUSK and Acetylcholine receptor antibodies

32
Q

Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple sclerosis med

A

Pyridostigmine

33
Q

what cell affected Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple sclerosis:

A

oligodendrocytes

34
Q

Uhthoff phenomenon

A

Uhthoff phenomenon = transient worsening of neurological function due to increase in body
temperature.

35
Q

Lhermitte’s sign

A

Lhermitte’s sign = electric shock-like sensation occurring on flexion of the neck.

36
Q

Findings of LP for MS

A
  • oligoclonal bands in the CSF
  • raised IgG
  • increased WBCs

*phase 2a mocks (18 decks)

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