PTERIDOPHYTES Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE MAIN CHARECTERISTICS OF PTERIDOPHYTES ?
- TRCHEOPHYTIC
- ARCHAEGONIATE
- EMBRYOPHYTES WITHOUT SEEDS
FROM WHERE IS THE NAME DERIVED FROM ?
FEATHER LIKE NATURE OF LEAVES OF FERNS WHICH ARE PINNATE COMPOUND
WHO IS THE FATHER OF PTERIDOLOGY ?
HAECKEL
WHAT ARE THE 1ST PLANTS WITH VASCULAR TISSUES AND WHAT ARE ITS OTHER NAMES ?
PTERIDOPHYTES OTHER NAMES ARE BOTANICAL SNAKES OR VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS
WHERE DO THEY LIVE ?
MOSTLY TERRESTRIAL - MOIST SHADY PLACES - SOME AQUATIC
NAME ANY FEW EX. FOR PTERIDOPHYTES ?
- AZOLLA
- SALVINIA
- MARSELIA
WHAT IS THE MOST DOMINANT LIFE CYCLE AND DESCRIBE IT ?
SPOROPHYTE - INDEPENDENT, HERBACEOUS - RARELY WITH TREE HABITAT - DIFFERENTIATED INTO ROOT STEM & LEAF
WHAT IS THE TYPE OF ROOT SYSTEM ?
ADVENTITIOUS
HOW CAN THE STEM BE ?
AERIAL OR UNDERGROUNG ( RHIZOME )
DESCRIBE AERIAL STEM ?
CAN BE ERECT OR PROSTRATE - SHOWES DICHOTOMOUS OR MONOPODIAL BRANCHING
DESCRIBE LEAVES.
CAN BE OF 2 TYPES :-
* MICROPHYLLOUS
* MACROPHYLLOUS
EXPLAIN MICROPHYLLOUS AND GIVE EX. ?
THE LEAF TRACE DOES NOT DISTRUB THE VASCULAR CYLINDRICAL OF THE STEM
EX :-
LYCOPODIUM, SELAGINELLA, EQUISETUM
EXPLAIN MACROPHYLLOUS AND GIVE EX. ?
THE LEAF TRACE PRODUCES PARENCHYMATOUS LEAF GAP IN VASCULAR CYLINDRICAL OF THE STEM
EX:-
FERNS
ARE VASCULAR TISSUES PRESENT ?
IN ALL ORGANS
WHAT TYPE OF STELE IS PRESENT ?
PROTOSTELE
SIPHONOSTELE
DICTYOSTELE
XYLEM ONLY HAS TRACHEIDS BUT VESSELS ARE SEEN IN ?
SELAGINELLA
EQUISETUM
MARSELIA
PHLOEM HAS SIEVE CELLS BUT DOES NOT HAVE
COMPANION CELLS
SECONDARY OUT GROWTH IS PRESENT / ABSENT BUT SEEN IN __________
PRESENT - ISOETES
SPROPHYLLS MAY BE SCATTEREDAS IN ______________
DRYOPTERIS
SPOROPHYLLS MAY BE GROUPED TO FORM ____________ OR ________________ AS IN _____________ &____________ &________
STROBILI - CONES - SELAGINELLA, EQUISETUM, LYCOPODIUM
IN LYCOPODIUM & SELAGINELLA SPORANGIUM DEVELOPS
SINGLY ON ADAXIAL SUFACE OF THE SPOROPHYLL
IN FERNS SPORANGIUM AGGREGATES
IN CLUSTES FORMING SORI ON ABAXIAL SIDE
IN FERNS SORI IS PROTECTED BY
TRUE INDUSIUM ( DRYOPTERIS )
FALSE INDUSIUM ( PTERIS )
DEVELOPMENT OF SPORANGIUM MAY BE
- EUSPORANGIATE( PSILOTUM, SELAGINELLA )
- LEPTOSPORANGIATE ( SALVINIA, MARSELIA, DRYOPTERIS, AZOLLA )
IN SPORANGIUM SPORE MOTHER CELLS FORM
UPON MEOSIS
HAPLOID MEOTIC SPORES GERMINATE AND FORM
REDUCED MULTICELLULAR PROTHALLI ( GAMETOPHYTE )
PROTHALLI HAS
FEMALE SX ORGAN : ARCHEGONIA
MALE SEX ORGAN : ANTHERIDIA
GAMETOPHYTES REQUIRE WHAT TEMP. FOR GROWTH
COOL, DAMP AND SHADY PLACES
PTERIDOPHYTES GROWTH IS RETRICTED IN
NARROW GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SPORES PRODUCED ?
HOMOSPORES & 2 HETEROSPORES ( MACRO & MICRO SPORES )
DEFINE AND GIVE EX. FOR HOMOSPORES
SAME KIND OF SPORES
EX :-
LYCOPODIUM, PTERIS
* THEY GERMINATE AND FORM MONOCEOUS SPORES
DEFINE AND GIVE EX. FOR HETERO SPORES
DIFF. SPORES
EX:-
SELAGINELLA, SALVINIA
THE SPORES PRODUCED FORM DIOCEOUIES PLANT
HOW ARE ANTHEREDIA ?
PROJECTED OR EMBEDDED WITHOUT STALK
HOW MANY CELLS DOES THE JACKET HAVE ?
3 OR MORE CELLS
WHAT HAPPENS WITHIN ANTHEREDIA ?
ANDROCYTES METAMORPHOSIZE TO FORM ANTHEROZOIDS
HOW ARE MALE GAMETES ?
- BIFLGELATED ( SELAGINELLA, LYCOPODIUM )
- MULTICILIATED ( DRYOPTERIS, EQUISETUM )
DESCRIBE STRUCTURE OF ARCHAEGONIUM ?
HAS VENTER AND PROJECTED NECK
VENTER IS SURROUNDED BY ?
PROTHALLIAL CELLS
VENTER HAS ?
AN EGG CELL , VENTRAL CANAL CELL
NECK HAS ?
4 VERTICAL ROWS OF JACKET CELLS WITH EACH ROW HAVING DIFERENT NUMBER OF CELLS
NECK CELLS ARE 1 OR MANY
ARCHAEGONIAL SECREATION HAS ?
MALIC ACID WHICH ATTRACTS AMLE GAMETES
FERTILIZATION IS ?
OOGAMOUS INSIDE ARCHAEGONIAL VENTER
YOUNG SPOROPHYTE DERIVES NOURISHMENT FROM ?
GAMETOPHYTE ONLY IN EARLY STAGES
LIFE CYCLE IS
DIPLONTIC
ALTERATION OF GENERATIONS IS
HETEROMORPHIC
USES OF PTERIDOPHYTES ?
- MEDICINAL PURPOSES
- SOIL BINDERS
- GROWN AS ORNAMENTS
NAME THE 4 CLASSES OF PTERIDOPHYTES AND GIVE THEIR EX. ?
- PSILOPSIDA:- PSILOTUM
- LYCOPSIDA:-SELAGINELLA, LYCOPODIUM
- SPHENOPSIDA:-EQUISETUM
- PTEROPSIDA:-DRYOPTERIS, PTERIES, ADIANTUM
