exam 14 zoo Flashcards
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide.
True or False: Hemoglobin is responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood.
True
Fill in the blank: The process of breathing involves inhalation and __________.
exhalation
What are the two main processes involved in respiration?
External respiration and internal respiration.
What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Multiple Choice: Which gas is primarily expelled from the body during exhalation? A) Oxygen B) Nitrogen C) Carbon Dioxide D) Helium
C) Carbon Dioxide
What is the term for the volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a single breath?
Tidal volume
True or False: The diaphragm is a muscle that aids in the process of breathing.
True
Fill in the blank: The primary site of gas exchange in the lungs is the __________.
alveoli
What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
Cilia help to trap and move particles out of the respiratory system.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following disorders is characterized by difficulty in breathing? A) Asthma B) Diabetes C) Hypertension D) Arthritis
A) Asthma
What is the effect of carbon monoxide on hemoglobin?
Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin more effectively than oxygen, reducing oxygen transport.
True or False: The respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken per minute.
True
What is the term for the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation?
Vital capacity
Fill in the blank: __________ is the condition where the airways become inflamed and narrow, causing difficulty in breathing.
Asthma
What role does surfactant play in the lungs?
Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse.
Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain regulates the breathing rate? A) Cerebellum B) Medulla Oblongata C) Thalamus D) Hippocampus
B) Medulla Oblongata
True or False: The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
False
What is the primary method by which oxygen is transported in the blood?
Oxygen is primarily transported bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Fill in the blank: The process of __________ involves the uptake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide at the cellular level.
cellular respiration
What is the term for the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?
Residual volume
Multiple Choice: Which respiratory disorder is caused by prolonged exposure to irritants such as smoke or dust? A) COPD B) Asthma C) Pneumonia D) Tuberculosis
A) COPD
True or False: Oxygen is more soluble in water than carbon dioxide.
False
What is the primary purpose of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?
The nasal cavity filters, warms, and moistens the air before it enters the lungs.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi.
trachea
What is the primary gas exchanged in the lungs during respiration?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by an infection in the lungs? A) Asthma B) Pneumonia C) Emphysema D) Bronchitis
B) Pneumonia
True or False: The respiratory system works independently of the circulatory system.
False
What is the significance of the partial pressure of gases in respiration?
The partial pressure of gases influences the diffusion of gases across membranes.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways.
Asthma
What is the role of the pleura in the respiratory system?
The pleura are membranes that surround the lungs and reduce friction during breathing.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system? A) Gas exchange B) Regulation of blood pH C) Production of hormones D) Vocalization
C) Production of hormones
True or False: The lungs are responsible for both inhalation and exhalation.
True
What is the primary cause of emphysema?
Emphysema is primarily caused by long-term exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritants.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the flap that covers the trachea during swallowing.
epiglottis
What is the function of the intercostal muscles during breathing?
Intercostal muscles assist in expanding and contracting the rib cage during inhalation and exhalation.
Multiple Choice: Which is NOT a symptom of asthma? A) Wheezing B) Shortness of breath C) Coughing D) Fever
D) Fever
True or False: The exchange of gases occurs in the bronchi.
False
What is the term for the process by which oxygen is released from hemoglobin to the tissues?
Oxygen dissociation
Fill in the blank: The __________ are the smallest air passages in the lungs.
bronchioles
What is the primary component of the air we breathe?
Nitrogen, making up about 78% of the atmosphere.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common trigger for asthma attacks? A) Cold air B) Exercise C) Allergens D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: The process of gas exchange is passive and requires energy.
False
What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?
The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the thoracic cavity volume.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs.
Pulmonary edema
What is the primary function of the bronchial tubes?
Bronchial tubes carry air to and from the lungs.
Multiple Choice: Which respiratory disorder is characterized by a chronic cough and mucus production? A) Asthma B) Emphysema C) Bronchitis D) Tuberculosis
C) Bronchitis
True or False: The respiratory system can be affected by environmental pollutants.
True
What is the significance of the respiratory surface being moist?
A moist respiratory surface facilitates the diffusion of gases.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach.
esophagus
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Oxygen is used to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions can result from smoking? A) Asthma B) Lung Cancer C) COPD D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: The left lung is smaller than the right lung to accommodate the heart.
True
What is the term for the increased breathing rate that can occur during exercise?
Tachypnea
Fill in the blank: __________ is an infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs.
Tuberculosis
What is the primary purpose of respiratory therapy?
Respiratory therapy aims to improve breathing and oxygenation in patients with respiratory disorders.
Multiple Choice: Which gas is a byproduct of cellular respiration? A) Oxygen B) Carbon Dioxide C) Nitrogen D) Argon
B) Carbon Dioxide
True or False: Respiratory disorders can affect overall health and well-being.
True
What is the function of the nasal hairs?
Nasal hairs help filter out dust and particles from the air.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the space within the thoracic cavity that contains the lungs.
pleural cavity
What is the role of oxygen in the body?
Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration and energy production.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common symptom of lung cancer? A) Persistent cough B) Weight loss C) Chest pain D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: The lungs can regenerate after damage.
False
What is the primary mechanism by which gases are exchanged in the alveoli?
Diffusion
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
Breathing
What is the physiological response to low oxygen levels in the blood?
Increased breathing rate and depth.
