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SELF STUDY ( MEDICAL ) > exam 14 zoo > Flashcards

exam 14 zoo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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2
Q

True or False: Hemoglobin is responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breathing involves inhalation and __________.

A

exhalation

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4
Q

What are the two main processes involved in respiration?

A

External respiration and internal respiration.

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5
Q

What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?

A

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which gas is primarily expelled from the body during exhalation? A) Oxygen B) Nitrogen C) Carbon Dioxide D) Helium

A

C) Carbon Dioxide

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7
Q

What is the term for the volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a single breath?

A

Tidal volume

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8
Q

True or False: The diaphragm is a muscle that aids in the process of breathing.

A

True

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary site of gas exchange in the lungs is the __________.

A

alveoli

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10
Q

What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?

A

Cilia help to trap and move particles out of the respiratory system.

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11
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following disorders is characterized by difficulty in breathing? A) Asthma B) Diabetes C) Hypertension D) Arthritis

A

A) Asthma

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12
Q

What is the effect of carbon monoxide on hemoglobin?

A

Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin more effectively than oxygen, reducing oxygen transport.

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13
Q

True or False: The respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken per minute.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the term for the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation?

A

Vital capacity

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the condition where the airways become inflamed and narrow, causing difficulty in breathing.

A

Asthma

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16
Q

What role does surfactant play in the lungs?

A

Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse.

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17
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain regulates the breathing rate? A) Cerebellum B) Medulla Oblongata C) Thalamus D) Hippocampus

A

B) Medulla Oblongata

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18
Q

True or False: The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

A

False

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19
Q

What is the primary method by which oxygen is transported in the blood?

A

Oxygen is primarily transported bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of __________ involves the uptake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide at the cellular level.

A

cellular respiration

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21
Q

What is the term for the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?

A

Residual volume

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22
Q

Multiple Choice: Which respiratory disorder is caused by prolonged exposure to irritants such as smoke or dust? A) COPD B) Asthma C) Pneumonia D) Tuberculosis

A

A) COPD

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23
Q

True or False: Oxygen is more soluble in water than carbon dioxide.

A

False

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24
Q

What is the primary purpose of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?

A

The nasal cavity filters, warms, and moistens the air before it enters the lungs.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi.

A

trachea

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26
Q

What is the primary gas exchanged in the lungs during respiration?

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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27
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by an infection in the lungs? A) Asthma B) Pneumonia C) Emphysema D) Bronchitis

A

B) Pneumonia

28
Q

True or False: The respiratory system works independently of the circulatory system.

A

False

29
Q

What is the significance of the partial pressure of gases in respiration?

A

The partial pressure of gases influences the diffusion of gases across membranes.

30
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways.

A

Asthma

31
Q

What is the role of the pleura in the respiratory system?

A

The pleura are membranes that surround the lungs and reduce friction during breathing.

32
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system? A) Gas exchange B) Regulation of blood pH C) Production of hormones D) Vocalization

A

C) Production of hormones

33
Q

True or False: The lungs are responsible for both inhalation and exhalation.

A

True

34
Q

What is the primary cause of emphysema?

A

Emphysema is primarily caused by long-term exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritants.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the flap that covers the trachea during swallowing.

A

epiglottis

36
Q

What is the function of the intercostal muscles during breathing?

A

Intercostal muscles assist in expanding and contracting the rib cage during inhalation and exhalation.

37
Q

Multiple Choice: Which is NOT a symptom of asthma? A) Wheezing B) Shortness of breath C) Coughing D) Fever

A

D) Fever

38
Q

True or False: The exchange of gases occurs in the bronchi.

A

False

39
Q

What is the term for the process by which oxygen is released from hemoglobin to the tissues?

A

Oxygen dissociation

40
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ are the smallest air passages in the lungs.

A

bronchioles

41
Q

What is the primary component of the air we breathe?

A

Nitrogen, making up about 78% of the atmosphere.

42
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common trigger for asthma attacks? A) Cold air B) Exercise C) Allergens D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

43
Q

True or False: The process of gas exchange is passive and requires energy.

A

False

44
Q

What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?

A

The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the thoracic cavity volume.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs.

A

Pulmonary edema

46
Q

What is the primary function of the bronchial tubes?

A

Bronchial tubes carry air to and from the lungs.

47
Q

Multiple Choice: Which respiratory disorder is characterized by a chronic cough and mucus production? A) Asthma B) Emphysema C) Bronchitis D) Tuberculosis

A

C) Bronchitis

48
Q

True or False: The respiratory system can be affected by environmental pollutants.

A

True

49
Q

What is the significance of the respiratory surface being moist?

A

A moist respiratory surface facilitates the diffusion of gases.

50
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach.

A

esophagus

51
Q

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen is used to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

52
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions can result from smoking? A) Asthma B) Lung Cancer C) COPD D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

53
Q

True or False: The left lung is smaller than the right lung to accommodate the heart.

A

True

54
Q

What is the term for the increased breathing rate that can occur during exercise?

A

Tachypnea

55
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is an infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs.

A

Tuberculosis

56
Q

What is the primary purpose of respiratory therapy?

A

Respiratory therapy aims to improve breathing and oxygenation in patients with respiratory disorders.

57
Q

Multiple Choice: Which gas is a byproduct of cellular respiration? A) Oxygen B) Carbon Dioxide C) Nitrogen D) Argon

A

B) Carbon Dioxide

58
Q

True or False: Respiratory disorders can affect overall health and well-being.

A

True

59
Q

What is the function of the nasal hairs?

A

Nasal hairs help filter out dust and particles from the air.

60
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the space within the thoracic cavity that contains the lungs.

A

pleural cavity

61
Q

What is the role of oxygen in the body?

A

Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration and energy production.

62
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common symptom of lung cancer? A) Persistent cough B) Weight loss C) Chest pain D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

63
Q

True or False: The lungs can regenerate after damage.

A

False

64
Q

What is the primary mechanism by which gases are exchanged in the alveoli?

A

Diffusion

65
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

A

Breathing

66
Q

What is the physiological response to low oxygen levels in the blood?

A

Increased breathing rate and depth.

SELF STUDY ( MEDICAL ) (34 decks)

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