PTA 200 Kinesiology Worksheet #1 (Covering chapters 1-3 and 8)

Question 1

In Chapter 1, what “word of cau5on” did the Lippert text give you in regards to
studying Kinesiology?


Answer 1

Like exercising, it is be/er to study in small amounts several 8mes a week than to study for a long period in one session before the exam

Question 2

According to the Lippert text, what is hyperextension, and what joints can perform
hyperextension?


Answer 2

Hyperextension is the con8nua8on of extension beyond the anatomical posi8on- The shoulder, hip, neck, and trunk can hyperextend.

Question 3

According to the Norkin and White text, what is hyperextension?

Answer 3

A greater than normal extension.

Question 4

Which defintion does Mrs. Gauerke want you to use in your study of Kinesiology?

Answer 4

Norkin text

Question 5

What is the only difference between anatomical and fundamental position, and for what measurements will we use fundamental position?


Answer 5

The palms face forward in anatomical and the palms face body in fundamental.

Question 6

When describing where the ankle is in relationship to the knee, what three anatomical term descriptions could we use?

Answer 6

Distal to knee, inferior to knee, caudal to knee

Question 7

What is the difference between osteokinematics and arthrokinematics? Give an example of each in the shoulder.

Answer 7

osteokinematics- movements of bones around a joint axis (ie in shoulder=humerus moving on scapula)
arthrokinematics- joint surface movement (ie in shoulder= humeral head gliding with the glenoid fossa of scapula)

Question 8

What is the difference between a pressure epiphysis and a traction epiphysis?

Answer 8

pressure epiphysis- located at the ends of bones, where they receive pressure from the opposing bone making up that joint.
traction epiphysis- located where tendons attach to bones and are subjected to a pulling, or traction force.

Question 9

What type of bone are the phalanges?

Answer 9

Long bones

Question 10

What is the one sesamoid bone almost all of us have?

Answer 10

The patella

Question 11

Where else can sesamoid bones be frequently found?

Answer 11

on either side of the tendon near the head of the first metatarsal, sometimes near the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index and little finger

Question 12

What two types of joints allow movement in two planes?

Answer 12

Biaxial joints - Condyloid and Saddle

Question 13

What is another name for a synovial joint?

Answer 13

Diarthroidial joints

Question 14

What type of cartilage is a labrum and what does it do?

Answer 14

The labrum is fibrocartilage - it acts as a shock absorber important for weight-bearing joints

Question 15

What is the difference between a tendon and an aponeurosis?

Answer 15

Both connect muscle to bone:

• The tendon may be a cylindrical cord or a flattened band
• The aponeurosis is a broad, flat tendinous sheet.

Question 16

Hip flexion occurs about what axis (sagittal, frontal, vertical) and in what plane?

Answer 16

X axis (sagittal axis, horizontal) in the sagittal plane

Question 17

The effect of forces can be linear, __________, or ____________.

Answer 17

Parallel, concurrent

Question 18

Stability is affected by an object’s ________________and ________________

Answer 18

• Center of gravity_(COG)
• Base of support__(BOS

Question 19

The most common lever in the body is a what class lever

Answer 19

Third-class

Question 20

The advantages of the lever from question 18 are_________and ______________.

Answer 20

• speed
• distance

Question 21

fixed pulleys in the human body change direction of a muscle’s force. What example did your book give for a fixed pulley found in the human body?

Answer 21

the lateral malleolus of the fibula acts as a pulley for the tendon of the peroneus longus and changes its direction of pull.