common deviations

Question 1

during the foot slap phase the forefoot slaps the floor at initial contact. what is the possible cause?

Answer 1

flaccid, weak or atrophied dorsiflexors

Question 2

during what stage of gait would you see the forefoot slap the floor?

Answer 2

initial contact

Question 3

during what stage of gait does the toe first phase occur?

Answer 3

initial contact

Question 4

what could be a possible cause of a toe first phase during initial contact?

Answer 4

Leg length discrepancy; contracted heel cord; plantarflexion contraction; spasticity of plantarflexors; flaccidity of dorsiflexors; painful heel.

Question 5

what deviation happens in initial contact and is caracterized by the entire foot contacting the floor at heel strike?

Answer 5

foot flat phase

Question 6

what are the possible causes of foot flat deviation?

Answer 6

Excessive fixed dorsiflexion; flaccid or weak dorsiflexors; neonatal/proprioceptive walking

Question 7

What deviation occurs when the tibia does not advance to neutral from 10 degrees plantarflexion.

Answer 7

excessive positional plantarflexion

Question 8

what are the possible causes of excessive positional plantarflexion

Answer 8

No eccentric contraction of plantarflexors; could be due to flaccidity/ weakness in plantarflexors; surgical overrealease, rupture, or contracture of Achilles tendon.

Question 9

during what phase of gait does excessive positional plantarflexion occur?

Answer 9

midstance

Question 10

what is it called if the heel DOES NOT contact ground in midstance

Answer 10

heel lift in midstance

Question 11

what could cause heel lift in midstance?

Answer 11

Spasticity of plantarflexors

Question 12

in what stage of gait does excessive positional dorsiflexion occur?

Answer 12

midstance

Question 13

what is it called when the tibia advances too rapidly over foot, creating a greater than normal amount of dorsiflexion

Answer 13

Excessive positional dorsiflexion

Question 14

what are the possible causes of excessive positional dorsiflexion?

Answer 14

Inability of plantarflexors to control tibial advance; knee flexion or hip flexion contractures

Question 15

what is the deviation called when there is an insufficient transfer of weight from lateral heel to medial forefoot

Answer 15

no foll off

Question 16

during what stage of gait does the no roll off deviation occur?

Answer 16

push-off stage

Question 17

what are possible causes of the no roll off deviation?

Answer 17

mechanical fixation of ankle and foot. Flaccidity or inhibition of plantarflexors, inverters, and toe flexors. Rigidity/cocontraction of plantarflexors and dorsiflexors. Pain in forefoot

Question 18

____________ deviation is described as insufficient dorsiflexion (and toe extension) so that forefoot and toes do not clear floor

Answer 18

toe drag

Question 19

during what stage of gait does toe drag occur?

Answer 19

swing

Question 20

what are possible causes of toe drag deviation?

Answer 20

Flaccidity or weakness of dorsiflexors and toe extensor. Spasticity of plantarflexors. Inadequate knee or hip flexion

Question 21

during what stage of gait does excessive knee flexion occur?

Answer 21

initial contact (heel stike)

Question 22

what deviation is described as knee flexes or buckles rather than extends as foot contacts ground?

Answer 22

excessive knee flexion

Question 23

what are the possible causes of excessive knee flexion?

Answer 23

painful knee; spasticity of knee flexors or weak or flaccid quadriceps. short leg on contra lateral

Question 24

what stages of gait does knee hyperextention occur?

Answer 24

foot flat and midstance

Question 25

what deviation is described as a greater than normal extension at the knee

Answer 25

knee hyperextension

Question 26

what are the possible causes for knee hyperextension?

Answer 26

1. Flaccid/weak quadriceps and soleus compensated for by pull or gluteus maximus.
2. Spasticity of quadriceps.
3. Accommodation to a fixed ankle plantarflexion deformity.

Question 27

what deviation is described as during single limb support, tibia remains in back of ankle mortice as body weight moves over foot. Ankle is plantarflexed.

Answer 27

knee hyperextension

Question 28

during what gait stage does excessive knee flexion occur?

Answer 28

push-off (heel off to toe off)

Question 29

what gait deviation is described as knee flexes more than 40 during push-off

Answer 29

excessive knee flexion

Question 30

what are the possible causes of excessive knee flexion?

Answer 30

Center of gravity is unusually far forward of pelvis. Could be due to rigid trunk, knee/hip flexion contractures; flexion withdrawal reflex; dominance of flexion synergy in middle recovery from CVA

Question 31

during what gait stage does limited knee flexion occur?

Answer 31

push-off (heel off to toe off)

Question 32

what gait deviation is described as the normal amount of knee flexion (40) does not occur

Answer 32

limited knee flexion

Question 33

what are the possible causes of limited knee flexion

Answer 33

Spastic/overactive quadriceps and/or plantarflexors.

Question 34

what stage of gait does excessive knee flexion occur?

Answer 34

acceleration to mid-swing

Question 35

what gait deviation is described as knee flexes more than 65 during acceleration to mid-swing?

Answer 35

excessive knee flexion

Question 36

what are the possible cause of excessive knee flexion?

Answer 36

Diminished pre-swing knee flexion, flexor-withdrawal reflex, dysmetria.

Question 37

during what stage of gait does limited knee flexion occur?

Answer 37

acceleration to mid-swing

Question 38

what deviation is described as knee does not flex to 65 durng acceleration to mid-swing

Answer 38

limited knee flexion

Question 39

Pain in knee, diminished range of knee motion, extensor spasticity.

Answer 39

Pain in knee, diminished range of knee motion, extensor spasticity. Circumduction at the hip

Question 40

during what stage does excessive hip flexion occur?

Answer 40

heel stike to flat-foot