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PTH9111 Test 2 > PT9111 - Lecture 18 (Modalities 2) > Flashcards

PT9111 - Lecture 18 (Modalities 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Cryotherapy

A

Application of ice/cold water

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2
Q

Thermotherapy

A

Application of superficial heating agents

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3
Q

Name the 5 heat transference mechanisms

A
  1. Conduction
  2. Convection
  3. Radiation
  4. Evaporation
  5. Conversion
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4
Q

Conduction and modality examples

A

Heat transfer by direct collision of molecules through different temperatures
eg. hot packs, cold packs, paraffin bath, ice massage

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5
Q

Thermal conductivity and example

A

Rate at which heat is transferred by conduction
eg. metal conducts greater than water which conducts greater than air

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6
Q

What 4 factors increase rate of heat transfer

A
  1. Increased area of contact
  2. Increased thermal conductivity
  3. Increased temperature Difference
  4. Decreased tissue thickness
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7
Q

What 4 factors decrease rate of heat transfer

A
  1. Decreased area of contact
  2. Decreased thermal conductivity
  3. Decreased temp difference
  4. Increased tissue thickness
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8
Q

T or F: Skin, adipose tissue, and muscle have same rate of thermal conductivity

A

F

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9
Q

Convection and example

A

Heat transfer by movement of air or water around/past body eg. whirlpool/sauna

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10
Q

Evaporation and example

A

Transformation from liquid to gas state and heat is given off eg. sweating during ANS response

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11
Q

Conversion and example

A

Heat transfer by converting from a non-thermal form of energy (chemical, electrical, mechanical) into thermal energy eg. ultrasound

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12
Q

Name 3 responses as a result of cryotherapy

A
  1. Haemodynamic
  2. Neuromuscular
  3. Metabolic
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13
Q

Describe the haemodynamic response (cryotherapy)

A
  1. Vasoconstriction resulting in reduced edema and hydrostatic pressure and O2 delivery (15-20 min)
    2.Hunting response -> cold-induced vasodilation (4-6 minutes) and is then followed again by vasoconstriction
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14
Q

T or F: Redness at skin level is caused by vasodilation (cryotherapy)

A

F, due to oxyheamoglobin

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15
Q

What happens to the metabolic rate during cryotherapy

A

Decreases and reduces inflammation by decreasing cytokines, macrophages and histamines

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16
Q

What 2 neuromuscular responses occur because of cryotherapy

A
  1. Decreased nerve conduction velocity
  2. Increased pain threshold
17
Q

Name 3 reasons why cryotherapy is preferred for the first 24-48 hours after injury

A
  1. Vasoconstriction prevents swelling
  2. Reduce pain through decreased nerve conduction
  3. Manages inflammation by reducing cellular metabolic rate
18
Q

Name 5 indications of cryotherapy

A
  1. Inflammatory control
  2. Pain control
  3. Spasticity
  4. MS
  5. Facilitate neuromuscular activity
19
Q

Name 4 contraindications of cryotherapy and describe

A

1.Vasoplastic pathologies -> vessel spasms that affect blood supply causing redness(Raynaud’s Syndrome)
2. Cold-hypersensitivity/Intolerance -> Vascular reaction to cold causing pain, numbness or itchiness (Rheumatic diseases, trauma, familial links)
3. Damaged nerves could result in over regeneration of these nerves
4. Blood conditions (Cryoglobulinemia: build up of serum protein with cooling causing ischemia and gangrene in individuals with myeloma, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis; haemoglobulinemia: Release of haemoglobin into urine making it purple)

20
Q

What are 6 precautions of cryotherapy

A
  1. Using it over a superficial main branch of nerve
  2. Open wound
  3. Hypertension
  4. Poor sensation
  5. Altered mental state
  6. Too young or old
21
Q

Name 4 safety considerations of cryotherapy

A
  1. Frostbite
  2. Exercise
  3. Superficial nerve injury
  4. Sensation
22
Q

How long should you use cryotherapy and the rest in between

A

Usually 30 minutes with 1-2 hours off, but depends on depth of penetration

23
Q

Cryotherapy flowchart review

A
24
Q

Name 3 responses involved in thermotherapy

A
  1. Haemodynamic
  2. Neuromuscular
  3. Metabolic
25
Q

Describe the haemodynamic response for thermotherpay

A

Causes vasodilation and increased blow flow which uses convection to protect area from local tissue damage, relaxes smooth muscle contractions by inhibiting sympathetic neuron firing, and increase local release of chemical mediators

26
Q

What are the 3 effects of thermotherapy on the neuromuscular response

A
  1. Increases nerve conduction velocity but decreases muscle spindle firing rate while increasing tendon organ firing rate
  2. Increases pain threshold (Gate control theory)
  3. Decreases muscle strength by increasing firing rate of GTO vs decrease rate of muscle spindle
27
Q

Describe how thermotherapy increases metabolic response

A

It increases endothermic reactions, shifts oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve more right to increase oxygen availability (decreased O2-O2 affinity) for tissue repairs causing increased oxygen uptake for healing, and increases the destruction of collagenase

28
Q

How does thermotherapy alter tissue extensibility

A

Plastic changes occur by changing organization and viscoelasticity of collagen

29
Q

Name 6 indications of thermotherapy

A
  1. Pain control
  2. decreased joint stiffness
  3. Accelerated Healing
  4. Increased Tissue extensibility
  5. Psoriasis
  6. Dermal Ulcers
30
Q

Name 6 contraindications of thermotherapy

A
  1. Impaired sensation
  2. Acute injury/inflammation
  3. Over area of hemorrhage
  4. Areas of thrombophlebitis
  5. Malignancy
  6. Areas of infection
31
Q

Name 7 precautions of thermotherapy

A
  1. Poor circulation
  2. edema
  3. Hypertension (lower BP puts too much demand on heart)
  4. Metal = conduction
  5. Altered mental state
  6. Open wound
  7. Topical counterirritants (metal ions = conduction)
32
Q

Describe the difference between using a hot pack vs sauna for pregnant women

A

Hot pack = will not likely affect fetus because wont raise core temperature
Sauna = raises core temperature and could cause fetal malformations

33
Q

Name 4 adverse reactions of thermotherapy

A
  1. Burns
  2. Fainting
  3. Bleeding
  4. Skin/Eye dammage from irridation (eg. heat lamps)
34
Q

Overview of thermotherapy diagram

A
35
Q

Comparison of when to use cryo vs thermotherapy

A

PTH9111 Test 2 (16 decks)

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