PT9111 - Lecture 16 (Modalities 1) Flashcards
Therapeutic Modality
Clinical tool to stimulate specific body tissues to perform normal functions
What are 4 effects of therapeutic modalities
- Modify stages of tissue repair
- Relieve pain
- Alter collagen extensibility
- Modify muscle function
What are the 4 stages of tissue repair
- Hemostasis
- Inflammation
- Proliferation
- Maturation/Remodeling
What is the time course and function of hemostasis
Time course: Within seconds of injury
Function: To stop bleeding (fibrin clot with vasoconstriction -> vasodilation)
What is the time course and function of inflammation
Time Course: 1-3 days post-injury
Function: Identifies and removes foreign material
Name 3 inflammation mediators and function
- Mast cells -> vasoconstriction/dilation
- Leukocytes (WBC) -> phagocytosis and removal of cellular debris caused by injury
- Prostaglandins -> sensitize pain receptors, attract WBC, and increase vascular permeability
T or F: NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis which may decrease improved long-term revovery
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5 cardinal signs of inflammation
- Red
- Hot
- Swollen
- Pain
- Loss of function
What is the time course and function of proliferation
Time Course: 3-4 days post injury to 3 weeks
Function: Form granulation tissue made of collagenous scar tissue, angiogenesis, and re-epithelization
What is the time course and function of maturation
Time course: 3 weeks to 3 years
Function: Increase scar strength through collagen synthesis
Acute pain
Pain perception due to stimulation of pain receptors and nerve endings of A-delta and C- fibers by chemical presents at site and edema
Chronic Pain
Longer than 3 months
How is collagen extensibility altered
Collagen extensibility is temperature dependent so heat can extend it to aid in healing impaired strength and range of motion
Muscle tone
Underlying tension that serves as background to contraction
Name 3 ways muscle tension can be altered
- CNS injury (stroke)
- PNS injury
- Local injury
Name 3 ways therapeutic modalities alter muscle tone
- Alter nerve conduction speed (NMES)
- Alter biomechanical properties of muscle (hot pack)
- Reduce pain (TENS)
Electromagnetic spectrum vs acoustic spectrum
Electromagnetic = frequencies and wavelengths associated with radiant energy
Acoustic = Frequencies and wavelengths associated with soundwaves
Name a type of electromagnetic spectrum agent and its function and examples
Radiation: Energy travels through space and is transmitted without movement of mass (eg. lasers, UV, electrical stim modalities)
4 characteristics of electromagnetic radiations
- Can be produced with intense electrical/chemical forces applied to any material
- Travel through space at equal velocity
- Direction of travel is in straight line
- They can be reflected. absorbed or transmitted dependent on medium that they strike
What are the 4 laws governing electromagnetic radiation
- Arndt-Schultz Principle
- Law of Grotthus-Draper
- Cosine Law
- Inverse Square Law
Arndt-Schultz Principle
No reactions occur to body tissues if energy absorbed can not stimulate absorbing tissues (aim is to deliver sufficient energy to target tissue as clinician
Law of Grotthus-Draper
If energy is not absorbed by superficial tissues it will penetrate deeper tissues
Cosine Law
Radiant energy is more easily transmitted to deeper tissue at a right angle (will reflect more if not at 90 degrees)
Inverse Square Law
Intensity of radiation striking material is inversely proportional to distance from source (eg. doubling distance results in one quarter of light hitting subject)
Name an acoustic spectrum modality and its function
Ultrasound: Mechanical vibration that can penetrate deeper tissues (eg. fat tissue) than electromagnetic radiation
