PT examples

Question 1

temperature of core

Answer 1

4400-6000

Question 2

thickness of core

Answer 2

3300km

Question 3

temperature of mantle

Answer 3

1000-3700

Question 4

thickness of mantle

Answer 4

2900km

Question 5

thickness of crust

Answer 5

6-70km

Question 6

example of OC-OC convergent plate boundary

Answer 6

Philippine plate and Pacific plate

Question 7

example of CC-CC convergent plate boundary

Answer 7

Eurasian plate and Indo-Australian plate

Question 8

example of OC-CC convergent plate boundary

Answer 8

Nazca plate and South-American plate

Question 9

example of transform plate boundary

Answer 9

Pacific plate and North-American plate

Question 10

example of OC-OC divergent plate boundary forming a volcanic island

Answer 10

Iceland at the mid-ocean ridge tectonic plate boundary which separates the Eurasian and NA plates

Question 11

Nubian and Somalian plate (CC-CC divergent) forms what landforms

Answer 11

the Great Rift Valley, volcanoes like Mount Kenya, Mount Kilimanjaro

Question 12

Pacific plate subducts below the Philippine plate, forming ________________

Answer 12

Mariana Trench and Mariana Islands

Question 13

Landform that forms between the continental Indian plate converging with the continental Eurasia plate

Also the OC pacific plate and CC NA plate convergence

Answer 13

Himalayan mountain range

Question 14

Oceanic Nazca plate subducts beneath the Continental SA plate, forming the ______________________

Answer 14

Peru-Chile trench, Andes fold mountain range and the Nevado del Ruiz volcano

Question 15

Pacific plate slide past NA plate, what is the name of the fault

Answer 15

San Andreas fault

Question 16

example of OC-OC divergent plate boundary

Answer 16

NA plate and Eurasian plate

Question 17

example of CC-CC divergent plate boundary

Answer 17

in the continent of Africa, Nubian and Somalian plate

Question 18

example of stratovolcanoes

Answer 18

Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines and Mt. Fuji in Japan

Question 19

example of shield volcanoes

Answer 19

Mt. Kilauea or Mauna Loa in Hawaii

Question 20

example of violent ground shaking

Answer 20

2010 Haiti EQ (Mw 7.0)
shallow focus depth and lasted 35s
52 aftershocks
220K dead and 300K injured
1.5 Mil homeless

Question 21

example of soil liquefaction

Answer 21

2011 Christchurch (NZ) EQ (Mw 6.2)
liquefaction happened on 1/3 of the city centre with 400000 tons of silt entering rivers, killing many fish

Question 22

example of landslide

Answer 22

2008 Sichuan EQ (Mw 7.9)
killed 87K people where 1/3 of them died due to the landslides
4.8 million homeless

Question 23

example of tsunami

Answer 23

2011 Tohoku EQ/tsunami
20K dead, caused the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster and cost of repair US$300 billion

Question 24

6 volcanic eruption hazards

Answer 24

1. Tephra (ash)
2. Pyroclastic flows
3. Lahars
4. Lava flows
5. Volcanic gases
6. Landslides

Question 25

4 benefits of living near volcanic areas

Answer 25

1. Farming with fertile soil
2. Harnessing geothermal energy
3. Extracting precious stones and minerals
4. Tourism activities

Question 26

6 factors that affect the extent of EQ risks

Answer 26

1. Time of shaking (Tangshan EQ)
2. Population density (2001 EQ in Kunlun China reported no deaths)
3. Soil and rock properties (Christchurch)
4. Duration of shaking (Tohoku EQ lasted for 6mins)
5. Distance from epicentre (Christchurch vs SG)
6. Quality of building design and construction (Japan vs Haiti)

Question 27

4 factors that affect the extent of volcanic eruptions risk

Answer 27

1. Nature of eruption
2. Avaliability of surface and groundwater
3. Prevailing wind conditions
4. Tapping on the benefits of volcanoes

Question 28

3 points for community preparedness

Answer 28

1. knowledge of the hazards
2. first-aid training
3. evacuation drills

Question 29

3 Mitigation strats (risk management)

Answer 29

1. LUP
2. Hazard-resistant building designs
3. EQ and tsunami monitoring/warning systems

Question 30

3 points for response (risk management)

Answer 30

1. Search and rescue
2. Timely evacuation
3. Provision of basic services

Question 31

2 points for recover (risk management)

Answer 31

1. Rebuilding and restoration
2. Psychosocial services

Question 32

example for evac drills

Answer 32

2011 Tohoku EQ, 3000 students in Kamaishi city survived as they frequently conduct drills

Question 33

example for LUP

Answer 33

aft 1933 tsunami in Japan, LUP was implemented. Touni-hongo village shifted to higher ground and houses were not destroyed during the 2011 Tohoku EQ

Question 34

example of hazard resistant building designs

Answer 34

Taipei 101, Transamerica pyramid in San Francisco uses the truss system and X-bracing, withstood the 1989 Loma Prieta EQ

Question 35

example of EQ/tsunami monitoring and warning systems

Answer 35

2011 Tohoku EQ, the systems detected tremors and stopped the bullet train, saving many lives

Question 36

example of search and rescue

Answer 36

2020 Aegean sea Q, Turkey, >8000 search and rescue, first-aid teams were deployed and >106 people were rescued

Question 37

example of timely evac

Answer 37

2010, aft a warning of Mt. Merapi’s soon to be eruption, Indonesia’s authorities quickly evacuated everyone, credited to saving 10K lives

Question 38

example of provision of basic services (healthcare)

Answer 38

2018 Feugo eruption in Guatemala, World Vision provided 30K boxes of medical supplies and 1000 hygiene kits to affected communities

Question 39

example of rebuilding and restoration

Answer 39

aft the 2011 Tohoku EQ, 500K people were displaced but by 2016, most of them would have been relocated and rehoused

Question 40

example of psychosocial services

Answer 40

Palu, Indonesia EQ, volunteers help survivors get over the trauma of losing their loved ones.