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geography > climate > Flashcards

climate Flashcards

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1
Q

tropical equitorial climate temperature

A

high temps of about 27degrees

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2
Q

tropical equitorial rain

A

generally high precipitation of 2000mm

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3
Q

location of tropical equitorial

A

10 degree N and 10 degree S

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4
Q

tropical monsoon temp

A

generally high temp of 25 degrees

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5
Q

tropical monsoon rain

A

high precipitation, distinct wet and dry seasons

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6
Q

tropical monsoon location

A

between 5degree N/S and 30degree N/S

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7
Q

cool temp climate temperature

A

large annual temp range 10-15degrees

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8
Q

cool temp climate rain

A

rain falls evenly throughout the year

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9
Q

cool temp climate location

A

between 45degree N/S and 60degree N/S

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10
Q

before/after midday: solar radiation is _____ , _______, feels cooler

A

spread out, less concentrated

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11
Q

midday: solar radiation is _____, feels warmer

A

concentrated

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12
Q

low latitudes: solar angle _____, solar radiation ______ over a small area, _____ temps

A

smaller, concentrated, higher

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13
Q

high latitudes: solar angle _____, solar radiation _____ over a _____ area, _____ temps

A

larger, spread out, larger, lower

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14
Q

for every 1000m increase in altitude, temp decreases by about ____

A

6.5degrees

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15
Q

dark coloured surfaces: ______ solar radiation

A

absorb more

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16
Q

light coloured surfaces: _____ solar radiation

A

reflects

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17
Q

coastal areas = _____ effect

A

maritime

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18
Q

sea ____ down and _____ up slower than land

A

cools, heats

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19
Q

inland areas = _____ effect

A

continental

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20
Q

RH = _____________

A

amount of water vapour in the air over the max amount of water vapour air can hold

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21
Q

temp increases = RH ______

A

decreases

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22
Q

temp decreases = RH ______

A

increases

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23
Q

RH must be = ___% for condensation

A

100

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24
Q

2 types of rain

A

convectional and relief (study how it is formed)

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25
Q

wind travels from _____ pressure to _____ pressure

A

higher to lower

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26
Q

wind for sea breeze

A

wind flows from sea (high pressure) to land (low pressure)

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27
Q

wind for land breeze

A

wind flows from land (high pressure) to sea (low pressure)

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28
Q

wind deflects to the _____ in the northern hemisphere due to _____ effect

A

right, coriolis

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29
Q

wind deflects to the _____ in the southern hemisphere due to _____ effect

A

left, coriolis effect

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30
Q

months for NE monsoon

A

oct - feb

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31
Q

months for SW monsoon

A

june - sept

32
Q

18 000 years ago: earth’s cooler temps (_____ period)

A

glacial

33
Q

present: warm temps (_____ period)

A

interglacial

34
Q

range of earth’s axis tilt and length of cycle

A

21.5 degree and 24.5 degree, cycle = 41000 years

35
Q

cycles of sunspots

A

11 years

36
Q

more sunspots = _____ temps

A

higher

37
Q

less sunspots = _____ temps

A

lower

38
Q

volcanic eruptions = ____ temps

A

temporary lower

39
Q

more ___ released, trap more _____ radiation, ____ up the earth’s surface

A

GHG, longwave, heats

40
Q

__% of annual GHG emissions from deforestation

A

20

41
Q

__% of annual GHG emissions from agriculture

A

30

42
Q

__% of annual GHG emissions from industries

A

43

43
Q

high amounts of ___ trap more heat, temperature _____ and results in _________

A

GHG, rises, climate change

44
Q

increase in ocean’s temps results in ________ of the global ocean circulation

A

slowing down

45
Q

wet regions become _____

A

wetter

46
Q

dry regions become ______

A

drier

47
Q

ocean temps rise —> _____ leaves the corals —> causing them to turn ____

A

algae, white

48
Q

the algae makes food for the _____ thru ______

A

corals, photosynthesis

49
Q

when corals die, _____ is loss for other ocean animals, damaging the ecosystem

A

habitat

50
Q

phytoplanktons absorb ___ when they photosynthesize

A

CO2

51
Q

______ acts as natural carbon sinks

A

phytoplanktons

52
Q

excess CO2 in the water forms _____ acid

A

carbonic

53
Q

carbonic acid dissolves the _____ of aquatic animals

A

exoskeleton

54
Q

_____ ocean circulation, _____ remains at the bottom

A

slower, nutrients

55
Q

plants, animals will all tend to move _____ due to the lower temperature

A

polewards

56
Q

higher temps, _____ chances of getting vector borne diseases

A

higher

57
Q

countries can implement _____ and _____ strategies

A

adaptation and mitigation

58
Q

_____ strategies implemented to slow down the effects of climate change

A

mitigation

59
Q

_____ strategies implemented to minimise harm already caused by climate change

A

adaptation

60
Q

Climate change is a threat multiplier as it ___________

A

worsens existing threats to human and natural systems

61
Q

____ and _____ are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate chage

A

LDCs and disadvantaged communitites

62
Q

____ people cannot afford food and healthcare

A

poor

63
Q

poor people has to drink _______ water, resulting in the spread of disease like _____

A

contaminated, cholera

64
Q

_____ areas are more exposed to coastal erosion/storm surges/floods/rise in sea levels

A

coastal

65
Q

_____ areas more exposed to droughts

A

inland

66
Q

2015 paris agreement signed between ___ countries

A

197

67
Q

2015 paris agreement goal to limit the rise in temperature to only _____ above pre-industrial levels

A

1.5 degrees

68
Q

limitations of international agreements and cooperation

A

all countries have differing priorities and therefore different commitment to act and a country cannot be punished if it fails to meet the goals

69
Q

process of CCUS

A

CO2 is captured from power plants and industrial processes, they are then either stored underwater or used to make useful products like cement

70
Q

4 different types of clean energy sources

A

solar energy, hydro-electric energy, geothermal energy and nuclear energy

71
Q

carbon sinks absorbs ____ of our emitted CO2

A

50%

72
Q

ways to enhance carbon sinks

A

reduce deforestation, restoring mangroves

73
Q

define reforestation

A

planting trees in areas that used to have trees

74
Q

define afforestation

A

planting trees in areas that did not have trees

75
Q

define agroforestry

A

in the same land space, different species of trees can be planted, livestock can be reared and crops can be grown. all in the same land

76
Q

limitations for planting trees

A

large scale afforestation can create competition for land, not enough space for agriculture, higher food prices. A large scale tree planting programme takes 50-100 years for the full effect

77
Q

adaptation strategies

A

seawalls, polders, water storage tanks, high tech farms, education , national and regional policies

geography (3 decks)

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