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boards part 2 > PT > Flashcards

PT Flashcards

1
Q

Change in muscle length and spindle tension

A

GTO’s

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2
Q

Deep sensory proprioceptors

A

GTO’s, pacinian, ruffini

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3
Q

change in jt. position and vibration

A

pacinian

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4
Q

joint end range, possible heat(as deep proprioceptor), skin stretch/pressure(superficial sensory receptor)

A

ruffini

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5
Q

superficial sensory pressure and touch

A

meissners & pacinian

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6
Q

superficial sking stretch/pressure

A

ruffini, merkle

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7
Q

4 stages of healing

A

hemostasis, inflammatory, proliferation, remodeling

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8
Q

3 stages of healing

A

inflammation, repair, remodel

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9
Q

AKA: Repair Phase• Angiogenesis - new capillaries• Fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts• Extracellular matrix

A

proliferation phase of healing

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10
Q

AKA: Maturation Phase• Scar contraction– Can lead to joint adhesion and loss of motion• Decrease of blood vessels• Type III collagen replaced by Type I• Collagen aligns along stress lines• Cross-linking continues

A

remodeling phase

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11
Q

ability of a material to store a charge

A

capacitence

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12
Q

ohm’s law-

A

voltage=current x resistance V=IxR

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13
Q

Direct Current (DC)• AKA: Galvanic• Net charge– Positive and negative electrode– Charge builds up in the tissue

A

monophasic current

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14
Q

Alternating Current (AC)– Flow of electrons changes direction regularly• Changes polarity

A

biphasic current

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15
Q

Minimum amplitude needed to depolarize a nerve fiber when phase duration is infinite

A

rheobase

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16
Q

the time (or phase duration) required to depolarize a nerve fiber when the peak current is twice rheobase

A

chronaxie

17
Q

Stimulation at high frequency near refractory period of the sensory nerve causes inhibition

A

Wedenski’s inhibition

18
Q

high frequency generators(>100,000hz)=

A

diathermy

19
Q

med frequency generators(1,000-100,000hz)=

A

russian stim

20
Q

Combination of constructive and destructive wave interference resulting in a wave with a beat effect

A

heterodyne

21
Q

What electric stim uses heterodyne?

A

interferential

22
Q

4 types of interferential?

A

True Interferential Current, Premod, Vector Scan, Stereodynamic

23
Q

Same as IF but interference occurs in machine, not body• Pain relief• Good for small treatment areas– use 2 electrodes on either side of the pain• Allows for effective pain control with 2 electrodes

A

premod

24
Q

Quadripolar electrode placement• Uses true interferential current• Varies the amplitude between the channels• Cloverleaf pattern rotates• Larger treatment area

A

vector scan

25
Q

3 channels• 6 electrodes• 3D Interference pattern = 6-petal flower shape

A

stereodynamic

26
Q

Pain reduction– Acute and chronic• Muscle strengthening / re-education– Especially pelvic floor– Secondary consideration– Russian Stim. is better (traditionally)• Increased circulation– Only with suction electrode systems– Due to suction not IFC• Slow bowel transit (not much evidence

A

indications for IFC

27
Q

Anterior cervical area• Through the chest• Through the head• Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrilator(ICD)• Abdomen, pelvis, lumbar areas of pregnant women in their first trimester• Metal implants• Epilepsy• Areas of hemorrhage• Cancer• Confused and unreliable patients• Damaged skin• Unknown etiology

A

contraindications IFC

28
Q
  • Makes use of duty cycles (on/off cycles) to cause muscle contraction for muscle strengthening
  • indications= Muscle re-education – Retard atrophy– Muscle strengthening – Decrease muscle spasm through fatigue
A

russian stim

29
Q

• Anterior cervical area• Through the chest• Through the head• Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrilator(ICD)• Abdomen, pelvis, lumbar areas of pregnant women in their first trimester• Metal implants• Epilepsy• Areas of hemorrhage• Cancer• Confused and unreliable patients• Damaged skin• Unknown etiology

A

contraindications for russian stim

30
Q

Primary Indications:– Retrain lost muscle function from inhibition following injury or surgery – Decrease muscle atrophy from periods of immobilization• Secondary Indication:– Decrease muscle spasm

-Goal is to stimulate alpha motor neurons causing a strong muscle contraction

A

NMES, neuromuscular electric stimulation

31
Q

Stimulation of nerves through the skin

A

TENS: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

32
Q

types of TENS stimulation

A

Sensory level stimulation• Conventional TENS mode– Motor level stimulation• Acupuncture-like TENS mode• Burst TENS mode– Noxious level stimulation• Brief-Intense TENS mode– Modulation mode

33
Q

TENS stim type: Target tissue– Large-diameter A-beta fibers• Submotor stimulation • Comfortable level – tingling sensation• Acute pain • Post surgically• Used in Conventional TENS mode
- Pain relief is through pain gating– Lasts only as long as the stimulation• Often combined with ice or heat– Reduce muscle spasm– Relaxation– Analgesia

A

Sensory level stim

34
Q

Causes depolarization of Alpha motor neurons• More vigorous than sensory TENS• Not for acute conditions!– Subacute and chronic• Theorized to release endogenous opiates • Longer pain relief but may be delayed onset (hours)• Used in Acupuncture-like Mode– Target is A-Beta and Alpha motor neurons• Used in Burst Mode– Target is Alpha motor neurons and Delta fibers

A

motor level stim

35
Q

Stimulates C-fibers• Elicits pain relief through endogenous opiates• Commonly used with point stimulators– High density of current in small space– Often used on trigger points• Used in Brief-Intense mode

A

noxious level stim

36
Q

Electro Galvanic Stimulation, voltage > 150V (up to 500)• Must have twin peak monophasic (DC) current,
-allows deeper penetration – Twin peaks does not allow small sensory fibers (A-delta and C) to be stimulated (increased comfort)• Average current remains low due to short phase duration resulting in a safe current• Duration of both peaks usually is between 100 and 200 microseconds– Phase duration can not be adjusted

A

high voltage stimulation

37
Q

Stimulate healing • wound healing, germicidal

A

highvolt and microcurrent

38
Q

Decrease edema– Decrease spasm / guarding(Pelvic floor)

A

highvolt

boards part 2 (5 decks)

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