pt 3 exam Flashcards
questions based off labs
What is linguistic anthropology?
subfield of anthropology that:
* Studies human language as part of human
culture.
* Examines ways humans use language to create a cultural model of the world and how that model influences the way they live
* Addresses how language helps to divide people into social groups, * how these linguistically-based power divisions change or are maintained.
t/f Linguistic anthropology is holistic
true: : focused on language in the larger
context of culture/human life
t/f linguistic anthro isn’t comparative
false: based on comparisons between linguistic/cultural (“languagculture”) systems, again seen in a holistic way
t/f Linguistic anthropology is experiment-based
false: Fieldwork-based: relies on data from real,
naturally-occurring speech in cultural
context
what arethe 3 main reasons why language is important
1.) makes us human
2.) cannot live social lives without it
3.) complex way of communication and social action
4 Features of Language
1.) Complex: there are more ways of speaking
than there are atoms in the universe.
2.) Creative: new ways of speaking are being
developed every second
3.) Social (learned, interactional): it is the
primary means of cultural transmission
4.) Dynamic (changes over time): innovation
and drift change language structures over
time leading to new dialects and eventually
new languages.
Linguistics is the study of human speech. Linguistic anthropology is the study of
human speech in its cultural context
Linguists study language in term of these 6 things:
1.) phonetics (study of sounds of human language)
2.) phonology (study of sound systems in particular languages)
3.) morphology (study of word formation)
4.) syntax (study of how words relate to each other in language - grammar)
5.) semantics (study of word meanings, definitions and underlying)
6.) pragmatics (study of words-as-actions, the effects of utterances)
phonetics and phenomics from a etic and emic view
EMIC
inside the system; the meaning of speech sounds as they’re perceived by speakers of the language
ETIC
the view from outside; providing exact description of speech sounds
semantics is
The branch of linguistics concerned with meaning of words + differences
ex.) “i need to use the restroom” (US)
“i need to use the washroom” (CA)
what is etymology
the study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history
What is biological anthropology?
Biological anthropology is the subfield of anthropology that focuses on the human body. they often examine evolution, adaption, illness, health, diet, forensics, etc.
Often biological anthropologists specialize in a certain area of study, such as:
- Forensic anthropology
- Medical anthropology
- Paleopathology
- Human ancient DNA
- Food and dietary studies
- Dental anthropology
- Skeletal biology
- Human evolution
Medical anthropology is
the study human health and illness,
may study impacts of differential access to
knowledge and financial means on health and disease outcomes on subsets of a population.
Folk medicines and traditional healing may be a focus, as too the differing cultural perceptions of illness and wellbeing.
Paleopathology is the study of
ancient diseases and how they manifest themselves on surviving human tissues (typical skeletal).
This might include diagnosing degenerative
diseases
Such identifications can help with understanding the life history of the
individuals who exhibit these conditions, as
well as contributing to the study of the
disease itself.
Dental anthropology is the study of the
relationship between
human behaviour (particularly diet), health, ancestry, and cultural practices and tooth morphology, modification, wear and
pathologies.
Skeletal biologists are concerned with how
an individual’s life history is reflected in the
morphology of the skeletal tissues, and on
how health and diet impact bone growth.
t/f the study of human evolution is a fundamental part of biological anthro
true:
Biological anthropologists are
responsible for the reconstruction of
the human evolutionary tree, and the
characterization of the biology of our
ancestral relatives.
Some biological anthropologists focus
on the evolution of more specific
aspects of our biology, such as
handedness or bipediality.
Research with living or dead humans requires ethical approval and at the minimum requires _____ ______
informed consent
Cultural anthropology is one of the four subfields of anthropology that is
- Primarily concerned with living people and
their social lives; - Committed to developing understanding of the different ways people live, think, and conceive of the world;
- Often focused on specific aspects of society,
such as food, economy, religious practices,
sexuality, marriage and kinship. - May be involve working with specific
communities to help draw attention to
challenges or to achieve political goals (e.g.,
activist anthropology) - Has many ethical and moral responsibilities.
4 subfields of anthropology
1.) linguistics
2.) archeology
3.) biology
4.) cultural
Often anthropologists specialize in a certain area of culture, such as
- Economy and Production
- Law and Political Organization
- Sexuality and Gender
- Food and Commensality
- Music and Dance
- Religion and Ideology
- Households, Families and Kinship
Ontology is
the nature of being and existence
Epistemology is
the theory of knowledge and belief; how we encounter and learn about the world around us
