pt Flashcards
What largely shapes personality according to Horney?
Social and cultural conditions
Horney emphasized the role of social factors over biological instincts.
What arises when a child’s needs are not met in childhood?
Basic hostility and anxiety
This can lead to various coping mechanisms and neurotic behaviors.
What are the three ways to combat basic anxiety according to Horney?
- Moving toward people
- Moving against people
- Moving away from people
What did Horney criticize about Freud’s theory?
It leads to theoretical and clinical stagnation
Horney also argued for a more cultural perspective.
What is basic hostility?
Arises when parents do not satisfy a child’s needs for safety and satisfaction
What does basic anxiety lead to?
Feelings of insecurity and apprehension
What are neurotic needs according to Horney?
Attempts to reduce basic anxiety
These needs are categorized into ten types.
List the three neurotic trends according to Horney.
- Moving toward people - compliant
- Moving against people - aggressive
- Moving away from people - detached
What is the idealized self-image in Horney’s theory?
Includes neurotic search for glory, neurotic claims, and neurotic pride
These aspects are rooted in insecurity.
What does Horney suggest about psychological differences between men and women?
They are due to culture and social expectations, not anatomy
What is the goal of Horneyian psychotherapy?
Help patients grow to self-realization and change self-hatred to self-acceptance
What is the ‘Human Dilemma’ according to Fromm?
Humans have acquired the ability to reason about their isolated conditions
What are the three basic ways to relate to the world according to Fromm?
- Submission
- Power
- Love
What is the concept of malignant aggression?
Aggression used for reasons other than survival
What is the aim of Fromm’s psychotherapy?
Work toward satisfaction of basic human needs
What is Erikson’s contribution to personality theory?
Life-cycle approach emphasizing social and historical influences
What are the three interrelated aspects of the ego in Erikson’s theory?
- Body ego
- Ego ideal
- Ego identity
What does the epigenetic principle in Erikson’s theory suggest?
The ego develops sequentially, with certain changes arising at specific times
What is the basic strength of infancy in Erikson’s stages?
Hope: trust versus mistrust
What is the basic strength of young adulthood in Erikson’s stages?
Love: intimacy versus isolation
What are Maslow’s lower level needs in his hierarchy of needs?
- Physiological
- Safety
- Love and belongingness
- Esteem
What is self-actualization according to Maslow?
Realization of a person’s full potential
What is the Jonah Complex?
Fear of being or doing one’s best
What are the characteristics of self-actualizing people?
- Efficient perception of reality
- Acceptance of self and others
- Problem-centering
