Developmental Psychology - Prenatal to Birth (Chapters 3-4) Flashcards
The process by which sperm and ovum combine to create a single cell called zygote
Fertilization or Conception
A single-cell combination of sperm and egg cell
Zygote
The period between conception and birth where an unborn child undergoes a dramatic process of development
Gestation
The principle that dictates development proceeds from the head to the lower part of the trunk. From Latin meaning “head to tail”
Cephalocaudal principle
Principle that states development proceeds from parts near the center of the body to outer ones. From Latin meaning “near far”
Proximodistal principle
A period of rapid cell division and duplication
Mitosis
A fluid-filled sphere which floats freely in the uterus until it implants itself in the uterine wall
Blastocyst
A thickened cell mass from which the embryo begins to develop
Embryonic disk
The upper layer, will become the
outer layer of the skin, nails, hair, and the teeth, sensory organs and the nervous system including the brain and the spinal cord
Ectoderm
The inner layer which will become the digestive system, liver, pancreas, salivary glands and respiratory system
Endoderm
The middle layer which will develop and differentiate into the inner layer of skin, muscles, skeleton and excretory and circulatory systems
Mesoderm
A fluid-filled membrane that encases the developing embryo, protecting it and giving it room to move and grow
Amniotic sac
An organ which allows oxygen, nourishment and wastes to pass between mother and embryo
Placenta
Nutrients from the mother pass through this to the embryo
Umbilical cord
The attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, occuring at about day 6
Implantation
The process where the organs and major body systems develop rapidly
Organogenesis
The expulsion from the uterus of an embryo or fetus that is unable to survive outside the womb
Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage
Environmental agents, such as viruses and drugs, that can interfere with normal prenatal development and cause developmental abnormalities
Teratogen
A condition in which newborns may show sleep disturbances, tremors, difficulty regulating their bodies, etc caused by opiods
Neonate Abstinence Syndrome
Characterized by a combination of retarded growth, face and body malformations and disorders of the central nervous system caused by alcohol
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
A disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which undermines the functioning of the immune system
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
The act or process of giving birth
Parturition
Used to surgically remove the baby from the uterus through an incision in the mother’s abdomen
Cesarean delivery
The natural way of giving birth where the baby is delivered through the birth canal
Vaginal delivery
