DevPsy - First Three Years (C5-6)

Question 1

Units of understanding. Building blocks of knowledge

Answer 1

Schema

Question 2

Piaget’s term for incorporating new information into an existing cognitive structure

Answer 2

Assimilation

Question 3

Piaget’s term for changes in a cognitive structure to include new information

Answer 3

Accomodation

Question 4

The first stage in Piaget’s cognitive development where infants learn through senses and motor activity

Answer 4

Sensorimotor stage (0-2)

Question 5

Understanding that a person or object still exists when out of sight

Answer 5

Object permanence

Question 6

The stage where children begin to engage in symbolic play but do not understand concrete logic yet

Answer 6

Preoperational stage (2-7)

Question 7

Understanding the world only from your own perspective and finding it difficult to understand the point of view of another person

Answer 7

Egocentrism

Question 8

Stage dominated by learning to use logic to solve real, actual problems

Answer 8

Concrete Operational stage (7-11)

Question 9

The principle that the shape or appearance of something can change without there being a change in quantity

Answer 9

Conservation

Question 10

The ability to sort objects into a hierarchical order based on their size or shape

Answer 10

Seriation

Question 11

The ability to name and sort objects into categories based on similar characteristics

Answer 11

Classification

Question 12

The ability to understand that numbers can be changed and then returned to their original state

Answer 12

Reversibility

Question 13

Stage with key skills of logical thought, deductive reasoning, abstract thought and systematic problem-solving

Answer 13

Formal Operations stage (11-Adulthood)

Question 14

Ability to use a general principle to determine a specific outcome

Answer 14

Deductive logic

Question 15

Ability to think about abstract concepts (hypothetical)

Answer 15

Abstract thought

Question 16

Ability to systematically solve a problem in a logical and methodical manner

Answer 16

Systematic problem solving

Question 17

A communication system based on words and grammar

Answer 17

Language

Question 18

Theory that children learn language through the processes of operant conditioning

Answer 18

Classic(al) learning theory - BF Skinner

Question 19

Theory that babies imitate sounds they hear adults make and are reinforced for doing so

Answer 19

Social Learning theory (Bandura)

Question 20

Theory that human beings have an inborn capacity for language acquisition

Answer 20

Nativism - Noah Chomsky

Question 21

An inborn mechanism that enables children to infer linguistic rules from the language they hear

Answer 21

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Question 22

The relatively consistent blend of emotions, temperament, thought and behavior that makes a person unique

Answer 22

Personality

Question 23

Subjective reactions to experience that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes

Answer 23

Emotions

Question 24

The earliest and most powerful way infants can communicate their needs

Answer 24

Crying

Question 25

Newborn infants gaze at their parents and smile at them, signaling positive participation in the relationship

Answer 25

Social smiling (2 months)

Question 26

Infant smiles at an object and then gazes at an adult while still smiling

Answer 26

Anticipatory smiling (8-10 months)

Question 27

Emotions such as embarrassment, empathy and envy that depend on self awareness

Answer 27

Self-conscious emotions

Question 28

Realization that one's existence and functioning are separate from those of other people and things

Answer 28

Self-awareness (15-24 months)

Question 29

Emotions such as pride, shame and guilt that depend on both self-awareness and knowledge of socially accepted standards of behavior

Answer 29

Self-evaluative emotions (3 y/o)

Question 30

Characteristic disposition or style of approaching and reacting to situations

Answer 30

Temperament

Question 31

The process by which children learn behavior their culture considers appropriate for each sex

Answer 31

Gender-typing

Question 32

Reciprocal, enduring tie between two people, each of whom contributes to the quality of the relationship

Answer 32

Attachment

Question 33

Pattern in which an infant is quickly and effectively able to obtain comfort from an attachment figure in the face of distress

Answer 33

Secure attachment

Question 34

Pattern in which an infant rarely cries when separated from the primary caregiver and avoids contact on his or her return

Answer 34

Avoidant attachment

Question 35

Pattern in which an infant becomes anxious before the primary caregiver leaves, is extremely upset during his/her absence, and both seeks and resists contact on his/her return

Answer 35

Ambivalent (resistant) attachment

Question 36

Pattern in which an infant, after separation from the primary caregiver, shows contradictory, repetitious or misdirected behaviors on his or her return

Answer 36

Disorganized-Disoriented attachment

Question 37

Wariness of strange people and places, shown by some infants during the second half of the 1st year

Answer 37

Stranger anxiety

Question 38

Distress shown by someone, typically an infant, when a familiar caregiver leaves

Answer 38

Separation anxiety

Question 39

Process by which an infant and caregiver communicate emotional states to each other and respond appropriately

Answer 39

Mutual regulation

Question 40

Understanding an ambiguous situation by seeking another person's perception of it

Answer 40

Social referencing

Question 41

Sense of self. A descriptive and evaluative mental picture of one's abilities and traits

Answer 41

Self concept

Question 42

The realization that they can control external events

Answer 42

Personal agency

Question 43

The sense of being a physical whole with boundaries separate from the rest of the world

Answer 43

Self coherence

Question 44

Conscious knowledge of the self as a distinct, identifiable being. Perceptual distinction between self and others

Answer 44

Self-awareness

Question 45

Development of habits, skills, values, and motives shared by responsible productive members of a society

Answer 45

Socialization

Question 46

During socialization, process by which children accept society standards of conduct as their own

Answer 46

Internalization

Question 47

A child's independent control of behavior to conform to understood social expectations

Answer 47

Self-regulation

Question 48

Internal standards of behavior which usually control one's conduct and produce emotional discomfort when violated

Answer 48

Conscience

Question 49

Obedience of a parent's orders only in the presence of signs of ongoing parental control

Answer 49

Situational compliance

Question 50

Wholehearted obedience of a parent's orders without reminders or lapses

Answer 50

Committed compliance