psyhcology Flashcards
what is attachment
an enduring emotional relationship between two people
what are some innate behaviours of pro-social infants
crying - clear signal
looking - communication strategy
smiling - starts as reflex, becomes social
cuddling - human reflex, allows contact
what are securely attached children likely to develop
positive view of themselves
trust and confidence in carers
sense of security/safety to explore, play, and learn
what are the implications of insecure attachments
poor emotional and social competence
poor regulation of emotions
difficulties at school - more likely to be bullied
difficulty in showing empathy
unregulated biological stress system
lower self esteem - lack of trust in others
emotional and behavioural problems - depression, aggression, over-controlling, or over compliant behaviour
impacts on bereaved as opposed to non-bereaved people
higher mortality after the loss of a spouse elderly
higher levels of morbidity and mortality
increased risk of accidents
increased physical and emotional problems
higher suicide rates
definitions of loss
when a person we are attached to becomes permanently unavailable
definition of grief
the human reaction to loss; acute - integrated - complicated
definition of bereavement
psychological processes through which people adapt to loss
what are examples of physical grief reactions
fatigue
sleep disturbances
aches and pains
SoB
palpitations
restlessness
illness vulnerability
digestive problems
what are examples of emotional grief reactions
depression
anxiety
anger
guilt
pining/yearning
loneliness
sense of detachment
helplessness
numbness
what are examples of behavioural grief reactions
crying
irritability
restlessness
searching
social withdrawal
difficulty in fulfilling normal roles
what are examples of cognitive grief reactions
poor concentration
short attention span
memory loss
confusion
preoccupation
search for meaning
hallucinations
disturbances of identity
what are the phases of grief
initial period of shock, disbelief, denial
acute grief - intermediate acute mourning period of physical and emotional discomfort, yearning, and mourning, social withdrawal
integrated grief - gradual shift to the restitution phase when attention shifts back to reengaging with the world
what is the grief work model
describes the cognitive process of confronting the reality of a loss and adjusting to life with this loss
what are the tasks of grief in the grief work model
accept the reality of the loss
experience the pain of the loss
adjust to the new environment without the lost person
reinvest in the new reality
