Psycology and Sociology Flashcards
Name three main parts of a neurons and the direction of the the action potential?
Axon, dendrites and cell body
The direction is received by the dendtrites, pass the cell body and down the axon
what determines the intensity of an electroral signal for an electoral signal for an action potentail?
frequency of the action potentials
List the 5 physciological cahgnes that are assoicated with the actviation of the sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight (fympathetic)
inhibiton of digestion, contrations of sphincters, inhbition of urination, opening of airways, increased heart rate, increase blood flow to muscles, sweatins, vasoconstriction, pupil dilations, release of epinephrine, ejacualtions/orgasm
what are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex and their primary functions?
frontal lobes- voluntary movement, higher order thinking
peritoneal lobes- tactiles sensations and gustation
temporal lobes- auditions, olfaction, short term memory, language comprehension, emotion
occipital lobes- vision
what are the mediums that sounds vibrations travel trhough, from when they eneter the eat to when they are translated into an electrical signal in the auditory nerve?
Air (sound wave) –> bone (malleus, incus and stapes) –> fluid (perilymph and endolymph in the cochlea)
what is Weber’s Law?
two stimuli must be different by some constant proportion to be detected as unique from each other
How do peptide hormones and steroid hormones differ in the duration and immediacyof their effects?
peptide hormones tend to work faster and short while steroids last longer but work moroe slowly (more permanent effects)
Baddeley’s model, what are the four components of working memory?
Phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, central executive
Baddeley’s model of short-term memory (1986) consists of a ‘central executive’ which integrates the information coming from the visuo-spatial sketch-pad and the articulatory loop, the latter is divided into the phonological input-system and the articulatory rehearsal process.
Define confirmation bais?
When we look for answers in what we are hearing and seeing that confirm our own beliefs- we only seek info that supper a preconceived conclusion and ignore the info that does not support it
What heuristic may lead an ER physican to overestimate the amount of violent crime in her community?
The fact that she sees all the hurt people in her community
this is the availbilty heuristic
differentiate dyssomnias from parasomnias
dysomnias are abnormalities in the amount, quality or timing of sleep
parasomnias are abnormal behavrios that occur during sleep
Describe the role of cognition in the schachter-singer theory of emotion
In the Schachter-singer theory, cognition is the intermediatary between physiological sensations and behavioral response. It appraises or interprets the physiological response based on the context which informs the behavrioal response
What is the language acquisition device?
The language acquisition device is an innate structure hypothesized by Noam Chomsky that is unique to the human mind that allows people to gain mastery of langaue from limited exposure
Describe the speech of a patient with Wernicke’s aphasia?
Speech will be fluent with normal rhythm and syntax but the content will be unintelligible nad meaningless
Wernicke’s aphasia is a language disorder that makes it hard for you to understand words and communicate. This disorder is caused by damage to the part of your brain that controls language. It leads to a loss of language ability and can be very frustrating
Differentiate between negatvive reinforcement and punishment?
Negative reinforcement is the removing of negative stimuluate right after following a behavior. Punishment can be either the introduction of a negative stimulus right after a behavior or the removal of a positive stimulus.
