Psychotic/psychosis features Flashcards
What is the difference between a hallucination and a delusion?
In a hallucination things are sensed that are not there (auditory most common)
In a delusion there is a false belief based on an incorrect conclusion on what is generally accepted as reality.
Examples of delusions
Erotomanic (believes that someone is in love with them),
Grandiose (believes they have an extraordinary talent or made an important discovery),
Jealous (believes that a lover is unfaithful)
Persecutory (believe that they are being spied on, poisoned, conspired against, etc.)
Somatic (believes that some bodily function or physical sensation is occurring like having insects under their skin, having a parasite crawling through their body, etc.).
Bipolar disorders can have added specifiers in relation to psychosis. In what circumstances is this specifier used, and what criteria need to be met in relation to mood disorders like BPI or MDD?
Required: Only a delusion or hallucination must be present.
Required: the psychotic feature MUST occur during the mood episode.
During manic episode - BPI with psychotic features
During Major Depressive Episode - MDD with psychotic features.
If psychotic symptoms persist outside of mood episodes in BPI or MDD. What then?
A comorbid psychotic disorder (e.g., Schizoaffective Disorder) may need to be considered.
Brief psychotic disorder criteria.
Only 1 of these present between 1-30 days
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised speech
- Disorganised behaviour
Only 1 of these present between 1-30 days
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised speech
- Disorganised behaviour
What diagnosis?
Brief psychotic disorder.
Diagnostic criteria for Schizophreniform disorder
At least 2 of these are present (1 must be one of the first three) lasting 1-6 months.
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised speech
- Disorganised behaviour
-Negative symptoms
What disorder?
At least 2 of these are present (1 must be one of the first three) lasting 1-6 months.
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised speech
- Disorganised behaviour
-Negative symptoms
Schizophreniform disorder
What disorder?
At least 2 of these are present (1 must be one of the first three) 6 + months.
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised speech
- Disorganised behaviour
-Negative symptoms
Schizophrenia
Diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia
At least 2 of these are present (1 must be one of the first three) 6 + months.
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised speech
- Disorganised behaviour
-Negative symptoms
What is Schizoaffective disorder?
When criteria for Schizophrenia have been met with the addition of manic or major depressive episodes, but at least two weeks no episode.
what are mood congruent features?
Features that fit or align with a particular episode. For example
During mania: Delusions of grandiosity, special abilities, or invincibility; hallucinations supporting these themes.
During depression: Themes of guilt, worthlessness, deserved punishment, or impending catastrophe.
What are negative symptoms?
The loss of (or decrease in) normal behaviours and functions which includes:
-blunted affect (no facial expressions)
-blank stares
-apathy
-loss of motivation or interest
-inability to experience pleasure
-using fewer words when speaking.
