Career, Group, and Family Flashcards
What are Maslow Hierarchy of needs?
Low (base need) to Higher order
- Physiological (food water shelter)
- Safety (enviro. stability, job security)
- Love and belonging
- Esteem Needs
- Self actualisation needs
What’s Anne Roe’s theory
Based on Maslow and faintly psychoanalytic in the developmental sense of the child.
Focuses on how developmental needs and upbringing correspond to career choices.
John Holland Career theory - Basics?
About the interplay between nature and nurture. More skewed to nature.
6 personality types and 6 types of work environments
Acronym RIASEC
- Realistic - Few interpersonal
- Investigative - Few interpersonal, but creative
- Artistic - (inter)personal creative
- Social - High interpersonal
- Enterprising - Interpersonal competitive
- Conventional - Conventional
John Crites’ Career Maturity Theory
According to Crites, the counsellor makes three diagnoses regarding discrepancies:
Differential: What are the discrepancies between career choice and the individual’s interests and skills?
Dynamic: What causes these discrepancies?
Decisional: What is the individual’s career maturity in dealing with these issues?
Super’s Developmental theory - basic overview?
Grounded in self-concept and life stages. Development set by age. People are both rational and emotional. Ideal self and values, aptitudes and interests.
0-15 Growth
Creating a self-concept and developing a basic understanding of the world of work; includes fantasy, interest, and capacity.
15-24 Exploratory
Identifying and working toward a vocational preference; includes tentative, transition, and trial.
24-44 Embellishment
Firming up vocational preference and advancing in the work are the primary issues; includes stabilization and advancement
44-64 Maintenance
Maintaining gains and status.
64+ - Decline
Deceleration and retirement
Super’s cycle of interviewing is one of non-directive problem exploration and self-concept portrayal.
Super also termed a concept called “life-span/life-space” meaning that life roles are played out over the life of a career. The six roles are: child, student, leisurite, citizen, worker, and homemaker.
Career assessment tools?
Career Development Inventory (CDI) by Super
Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) by Crites
Tiedeman and O’Hara’s Anticipation/Implementation Model
This model is centred on the process of anticipating and adjusting to career/occupational choices
Anticipation phase
- Exploration - begin exploring
- Crystalisation - preferences are formed, more clear
- Choice - A choice is made
- Clarification - Chosen option is further examined
Adjust/implementation phase
- Induction - enter chosen field and learn basics
- Reformation - With experience, adjusting role or parts environment
3.Integration - Fully assimilates into workplace.
Brief Idea of group therapy theory by the following theorists:
Cory
Yalom
Tuckman
Cory’s 5 stages of group – About providing a safe space for self-discovery
Yalom – Existential – finding purpose and meaning – 11 stages
Tuckman’s stages of group development. Group cohesion, and dynamics - Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning
3 Key group techniques
Blocking – interrupts and redirects someone who hogs space or inappropriate
Linking – linking experiences between different members sharing
Interpretation – use sparingly, the therapist make an interpretation about what’s happening.
Strategic family therapy. Main groups and overall approach?
MRI model
Milan systemic
Haley
All problem-centred, aimed at changing behavioural interactions. Use of positive/negative feedback loops, and sees people as always communicating, even if not talking.
NOT looking for insight.
More directive
Structural Family Therapy main aim.
and
Key concepts?
Looks for underlying structures that cause problems. The aim of therapy is to modify the existing structure. Create an effective hierarchy.
Family structure
Subsystems
Boundaries (Rigid, Clear, Diffuse)
Complementarity
Hierarchical structure
Coalition
Structural family therapy techniques?
Joining
Enactment
Structural mapping
Creating intensity
Empathy
Shaping competence
Boundary making
Unbalancing
Challenging unproductive assumptions
Family systems Therapy.
Core principles?
(Bowden)
Family is seen as an emotional system. Balanced between togetherness and individuality. Incorporates social and cultural
Derived from psychoanalytic principles.
Differentiation of self - promotes personal responsibility - cultivates the ability to think and feel (at same time) and distinguish both.
Triangles - All emotional charged relationship look for 3rd.
Triangulation - bringing in a thrid to diffuse conflict or tension.
Family systems therapy techniques and concepts:
(Bowden)
Individual question
Genograms
I position
Outside perspective
Concepts:
Sibling position
emotional cutoff
social-emotional process - How family interact (racism, sexism)
Family projection
Family systems Therapist role
See each member as person rather than emotionally charged image
Neutrality stance, avoid becoming part of triangulation, BUT observe triangles which is a natural system through which people resolve anxiety and sometimes lock in conflict.
Look for individual role in communication but maintain awareness of the whole family system.
Couples Therapy - Gottman’s method. Main premise?
Geared toward communication.
working toward fuller intimacy and respect
oneness, friendship, and solidarity
Practical approach also used by therapist. Includign assessments, questionnaires
The base for his theoretical processing - What is Gottman’s sound relationship house?
Create shared meaning
Make life Dreams come true
Manage conflict
Positive communication
Turn toward each other
Share fondness and admiration
Building love maps (appreciation of emotional landscape)
Foundation
Pillars -Trust- and -Commitment
Gottman’s 4 horsemen
Criticism
Contempt
Defensiveness
Stonewalling
EFT (emotionally focused therapy) especially used by couples - main vision?
Based on attachment theory. Encourages connection. Directive/intervention based
- It encourages the expansion and reorganization of key emotional responses.
- It seeks to secure a tight bond between each partner (secure attachment).
- The therapy repositions each partner’s stance during interactions and creates new, beneficial interactions in the partnership.
Main stages and techniques of emotionally focused therapy?
Three main stages
1.Cycle de-escalation
all about identifying issues, patterns, and reframing
- Changing interaction patterns
Assessed and coached in expression and learning ways to discuss needs without leading to conflict. voicing attachment needs - Consolidation and integration
Take what is learned inside therapy outside.
A mental status exam covers which domains?
Appearance and behaviors
Motor activity
Speech
Mood and affect
Thought content
Thought process
Perceptual disturbance
Sensorium and cognition
Insight
Judgment
