Career, Group, and Family

Question 1

What are Maslow Hierarchy of needs?

Answer 1

Low (base need) to Higher order

1. Physiological (food water shelter)
2. Safety (enviro. stability, job security)
3. Love and belonging
4. Esteem Needs
5. Self actualisation needs

Question 2

What’s Anne Roe’s theory

Answer 2

Based on Maslow and faintly psychoanalytic in the developmental sense of the child.

Focuses on how developmental needs and upbringing correspond to career choices.

Question 3

John Holland Career theory - Basics?

Answer 3

About the interplay between nature and nurture. More skewed to nature.

6 personality types and 6 types of work environments

Acronym RIASEC

1. Realistic - Few interpersonal
2. Investigative - Few interpersonal, but creative
3. Artistic - (inter)personal creative
4. Social - High interpersonal
5. Enterprising - Interpersonal competitive
6. Conventional - Conventional

Question 4

John Crites’ Career Maturity Theory

Answer 4

According to Crites, the counsellor makes three diagnoses regarding discrepancies:

Differential: What are the discrepancies between career choice and the individual’s interests and skills?

Dynamic: What causes these discrepancies?

Decisional: What is the individual’s career maturity in dealing with these issues?

Question 5

Super’s Developmental theory - basic overview?

Answer 5

Grounded in self-concept and life stages. Development set by age. People are both rational and emotional. Ideal self and values, aptitudes and interests.

0-15 Growth
Creating a self-concept and developing a basic understanding of the world of work; includes fantasy, interest, and capacity.

15-24 Exploratory
Identifying and working toward a vocational preference; includes tentative, transition, and trial.

24-44 Embellishment
Firming up vocational preference and advancing in the work are the primary issues; includes stabilization and advancement

44-64 Maintenance
Maintaining gains and status.

64+ - Decline
Deceleration and retirement

Super’s cycle of interviewing is one of non-directive problem exploration and self-concept portrayal.

Super also termed a concept called “life-span/life-space” meaning that life roles are played out over the life of a career. The six roles are: child, student, leisurite, citizen, worker, and homemaker.

Question 6

Career assessment tools?

Answer 6

Career Development Inventory (CDI) by Super
Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) by Crites

Question 7

Tiedeman and O’Hara’s Anticipation/Implementation Model

Answer 7

This model is centred on the process of anticipating and adjusting to career/occupational choices

Anticipation phase

1. Exploration - begin exploring
2. Crystalisation - preferences are formed, more clear
3. Choice - A choice is made
4. Clarification - Chosen option is further examined

Adjust/implementation phase

1. Induction - enter chosen field and learn basics
2. Reformation - With experience, adjusting role or parts environment
   3.Integration - Fully assimilates into workplace.

Question 8

Brief Idea of group therapy theory by the following theorists:

Cory
Yalom
Tuckman

Answer 8

Cory’s 5 stages of group – About providing a safe space for self-discovery

Yalom – Existential – finding purpose and meaning – 11 stages

Tuckman’s stages of group development. Group cohesion, and dynamics - Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning

Question 9

3 Key group techniques

Answer 9

Blocking – interrupts and redirects someone who hogs space or inappropriate

Linking – linking experiences between different members sharing

Interpretation – use sparingly, the therapist make an interpretation about what’s happening.