Counseling Modalities, Theory, Technique Flashcards
CBT main purpose?
Main concept
Main: Challenge and replace distorted thoughts with healthy alternatives through cognitive restructuring.
Schemas (core beliefs) can be adaptive or maladaptive.
Automatic thoughts are frequently based on faulty logic or errors in reasoning that can lead to cognitive distortions:
Main concepts and techniques in CBT?
Socratic Dialogue
Self-monitoring (Diary work)
Role-playing/ behavioral rehearsal
Problem-solving
Modeling
Decatastrophising
Reatribution (consider alternative causes for events)
Redefining (making problems more specific)
Decentring
Stress inoculation
Cognitive restructuring
Systemic desensitization (relaxation tech, in the face of anxiety-provoking stimuli).
homework
behavioural experiments
psychoeducational
bibliotherapy
cognitive reframing
Main Idea of DBT?
Main premise?
Effective for?
Dialectical behavioral therapy aims to help clients recognise, accept, and manage strong emotions in a healthy way; teaches skills to cope with distress, regulate emotions, and improve relationships.
Dialectic: two concepts that seem opposite can both be true at the same time
Effective for Borderline, substance abuse, eating disorders, PTSD, S/I.
Main techniques and Skills DBT?
4 skills and corresponding technique
- Distress tolerance (manage emotional crisis)
Self-soothing, ACCEPTS, TIPP, problem-solving, Radical acceptance.
- Mindfulness (nonjudgmental thoughts)
Wise mind, ‘what’ skills, ‘how’ skills
- Emotional regulation (Identify/understand and reduce suffering)
‘STOP’, Opposite action, Positive self-talk, build mastery. analyse emotions.
- Interpersonal effectiveness (develop communication)
Boundary building, FAST, GIVE, Validation, Devils advocate.
What is paraphrasing?
restating a client’s words in your own words to show understanding
What is Motivational interviewing?
A client-centred directive technique that addresses the client’s ambivalence about change, naming it, and resolving it. MI assumes the client is the expert.
Report building. Goals:
Develop ongoing relationship
resolve ambivalence
change behaviour
develop discrepancies
get a commitment to change
What is the Transtheoretical model of change?
How does motivational interviewing intersect?
Precontemplation stage (not considering change)
Contemplation stage (ambivalent but considering, consider barriers, dipping toes in the water)
Preparation stage (experimenting with small changes, strategizing)
Action stage (take definitive steps, encouragement, identify triggers)
Maintenance stage (Maintain behaviours, discuss long term goals)
TTM is the framework for behavioral change, while motivational interviewing is a method that can be used to encourage clients to navigate through the change process.
Skills in Motivational Interviewing? OARS?
OARS
Open-ended questions
Affirmations
Reflective listening
Summaries
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
REBT main idea?
Challenging Irrational thoughts will lead to emotional and behavioural change.
REBT main techniques and terms?
Dispute irrational beliefs
Cognitive homework
Reframing/changing language
‘Blow up’ (something goes wrong- so what next?)
Imagery
shame-attacking
devils advocate
Time projection
REBT what is ABCD?
Elliot’s Model ABCD model
A–activating event, B–belief, C–consequence, D–disputing irrational beliefs.
The main idea behind acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)?
Client learns to accept life’s challenges, identify personal values, commit to behaviour guided & aligned with those values.
Main Idea and purpose of Adlerian therapy?
Individual psychology - solutions focused - integrating into sense of belonging.
Explore faulty logic and life goals.
Inferiority/superiority complex and birth order considered important. 4 stages of therapy Engage, assess, insight, reorient.
Adlerian techniques
Explore family
Early recollection
Push button
Spitting in the soup
encouragement
As if
Confrontation and interpretation
What is the main idea of Narrative therapy?
The therapist helps change a problem-saturated narrative into a healthier one.
Meaning-making
creating different perspectives
The problem is viewed as a problem - not the client or family
Narrative therapy techniques
Telling one’s story
Externalisation Personify the problem
mapping the effects
Deconstruction
uncover unique outcomes
Therapeutic journaling.
Main techniques ACT?
Creative hopelessness
Metaphors
Name the story/Name cognitive process
Mindfulness
Connecting with core values
Solutions Focused Therapy (brief)
SFBT - main idea?
Focus on finding solutions to problems, therapy is present and future-oriented
Not necessary to know cause or root
Main techniques solution focused therapy (brief)?
Miracle Question
Compliment
Scaling question
Coping/exception question
Main techniques in Behavioral therapy?
Positive/Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Exposure therapy
Flooding/Systemic desensitization
relaxation
Also homework/token economy
Extinction (stopping behaviour because reinforcement is no longer effective)
When is behavioural counseling used?
Underlying ideas?
OCD - clients with behavioural problems such as conduct disorder - phobias - sexual dysfunction
Environmental consequences shape behaviour.
The objective is to reduce unwanted behavior.
What is Logotherapy?
Based on Victor Frankl
Based on the idea every individual has an innate search for meaning in life. Meaning in suffering
Emphasizes self-transcendence.
present-future. About finding purpose and values.
Spitirual
Main ontology of gestalt therapy?
(Directive and) holistic approach to therapy. Whole is greater than sum of its parts. Experiential learning.
Here-and-now. Present-centred awareness foregrounds unfished business which is worked through.
Therapists create experiments to assist clients’ self-awareness. Promotes direct experiencing.
Layers of neurosis: Phony, phobic, impasse, implosive, and Explosive.
Not here to live up to others expectations, others not here to live up to yours.
Gestalt techniques
Empty chair/Role play
Body awareness
Exaggeration
Game of dialogue
fantasy
making the rounds
rehearsal/reversal
dream work
playing the projection
staying with the feelings
Reality therapy - main ontology?
Making decisions, taking action and control of one’s life. Personal responsibility/accountibility.
Problems occur when 1 or more basic needs are not met.
Needs; power, love, belonging, freedom, fun, survival.
Goal oriented. Therapist discover what the client is doing, determine what they’ve done to amend it, determine effectiveness, plan, commit, excuses not accepted, reasonable consequences, no giving up.
Techniques Reality therapy
Metaphors
Confrontation
Paradox
Humor
Plans of action
Motivational Enhancement therapy - main idea as well as techniques?
Short term - based on increasing motivation
Motivational interviewing
Empathic responding
Affirmation
reframe
roll with resistance
shift focus
(double) reflection
emphasis Autonomy
As a defence mechanism - what is reaction formation?
Reaction formation is also referred to as over-compensation. The person exaggerates or overdevelops certain actions by displaying exactly the opposite behavior, attitude or feeling from what he or she normally would show in a given situations. This mechanism is considered a protective drive by which the person prevents painful, undesirable or unacceptable attitudes toward others from emerging. The conscious intent is often altruistic.
Actuing sugary sweet when harboring malice and anger…
