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Abnormal Psychology > Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

positive symptoms

A

characterized by the presence of an excess of abnormal features

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2
Q

negative symptoms

A

characterized by the absence or reduction of normal mental functioning

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3
Q

four positive symptoms

A

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior

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4
Q

five negative symptoms

A

flat affect, avolition, alogia, anhedonia, asociality

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5
Q

command hallucination

A

a voice telling you to do something

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6
Q

persecutory delusions

A

the belief that someone or something is after you

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7
Q

controlling delusions

A

thought insertion beliefs

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8
Q

grandiose delusions

A

the belief that you are significantly more powerful, knowledgeable, or capable than reality; can also include believing that you are a different (powerful or famous) person

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9
Q

referential delusions

A

the belief that external events have a special meaning for you alone

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10
Q

mild disorganized speech

A

loose associations & topic derailment

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11
Q

moderate disorganized speech

A

tangential speech & unrelated thoughts

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12
Q

severe disorganized speech

A

rhyming, word salad, neologisms

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13
Q

neologisms

A

made-up words with no real meaning

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14
Q

catatonia

A

a state of being fully unresponsive to the environment

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15
Q

avolition

A

lack of motivation

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16
Q

alogia

A

lack of speech

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17
Q

anhedonia

A

diminished ability to experience pleasure

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18
Q

asociality

A

impairments in social relationships

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19
Q

diagnosis requirements for schizophrenia

A

at least 2 psychotic symptoms (one must be positive) for at least one month
marked impairment
continuous signs of the disorder for at least six months

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20
Q

cognitive defects related to schizophrenia

A

attention, working memory, executive functioning

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21
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A

one positive psychotic symptoms for less than one month followed by a full recovery

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22
Q

schizophreniform disorder

A

at least 2 psychotic symptoms (one must be positive) for 1-6 months

2/3 of patients later develop schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder

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23
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

at least 2 psychotic symptoms (one must be positive) AND major depressive disorder or a manic episode occurring at the same time

high level of functioning and high risk of suicide

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24
Q

delusional disorder

A

no symptoms other than delusions

symptoms last for at least one month

25
Q

erotomanic delusions

A

the belief that someone is in love with you

26
Q

somatic delusions

A

the belief that something is wrong with your body

27
Q

mixed delusions

A

experiencing more than one type of delusion

28
Q

unspecified delusions

A

experiencing a different type of delusion

29
Q

folie a deux

A

a shared delusion among two or more people, stemming from a primary patient with a psychotic disorder

30
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

not technically a psychotic disorder
eccentric behavior and difficulties with social relationship
no psychotic symptoms

31
Q

worldwide prevalence of schizophrenia

A

1%

32
Q

the course of schizophrenia

A

premorbid phase
prodromal phase
active phase
residual phase

33
Q

premorbid phase

A

before symptoms develop

some people may display personality characteristics or cognitive deficits that later evolve into negative symptoms

34
Q

prodromal phase

A

between the onset of symptoms and the time when the minimum criteria for a disorder are met

35
Q

active phase

A

the person exhibits symptoms that meed the criteria for a disorder

36
Q

residual phase

A

after positive symptoms have subsided and the full criteria for diagnosis are no longer met

37
Q

rule of thirds

A

1/3 of patients improve significantly
1/3 stay the same, having relapses and permanent deficits
1/3 become chronically and severely disabled

38
Q

biological etiology

A

enlarged ventricles, high levels/sensitivity of dopamine, low level of estrogen, heredity

39
Q

enlarged ventricles as a vulnerability

A

when the ventricles are filled with fluid and enlarged, there are less brain cells and reductions in brain matter in the frontal and temporal lobes

40
Q

possible causes of brain abnormalities

A

maternal malnourishment during 1st trimester
maternal viral sickness during 6th month of pregnancy
oxygen deprivation to a fetus or newborn

41
Q

biological marker

A

a neurological, bodily, or behavioral characteristic that distinguishes people with a psychological disorder

42
Q

smooth pursuit eye movements

A

biological marker for schizophrenia

difficulty maintaining smooth, continuous eye movements when tracking a light as it moves

43
Q

sensory gaiting

A

biological marker for schizophrenia

having the same response to two clicks in succession, as opposed to a lessened response to a second one

44
Q

the dopamine hypothesis

A

proposes that an overproduction of dopamine or an increase in the number or sensitivity of receptors is responsible for schizophrenia

45
Q

the estrogen production hypothesis

A

proposes that they hormone estrogen protects against symptoms of schizophrenia via its effects on serotonin and dopamine

46
Q

psychological etiology

A

cognitive deficits
beliefs and attributions
emotional expression

47
Q

social etiology

A

family and community interactions
high expressed emotion family interaction style
basic social stressors, especially during critical periods

48
Q

theory of mind

A

a person’s ability to predict how others will react to a given situation
lacking in people with schizophrenia

49
Q

the social selection hypothesis

A

proposes that people who are mentally ill drift to a lower socioeconomic level because of impairments

50
Q

social causation hypothesis

A

proposes that the daily stressors of urban life, especially as experienced by people in low socioeconomic classes, trigger mental illness in those who are vulnerable

51
Q

four step treatment process

A

treat positive symptoms
treat negative symptoms
address cognitive deficits
increase ability to function in normal life

52
Q

traditional antipsychotics

A

work on the original neurotransmitter system implicated in psychotic disorders (dopamine)
only treat positive symptoms

53
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A

work on both dopamine and serotonin systems
aimed to have less side effects
more successful
treat both positive and negative symptoms

54
Q

side effects of atypical antipsychotics

A

metabolic side effects - significant weight gain causing obesity-related problems
low white blood cell count

55
Q

extrapyramidal side effects

A

effects on a specific nerve tract in the brain by the decrease in dopamine, causing motor side effects

56
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

side effect that produces involuntary lip smacking and odd facial contortions as well as other movement-related symptoms

57
Q

community care

A

programs that allow mental health care providers to visit patients in their homes at any time of day or night

58
Q

supported employment programs

A

place people in regular work settings and provide an onsite job coach to help them adjust

59
Q

sheltered employment programs

A

involves working in settings that are specifically designed for people with emotional or intellectual problems who cannot maintain a regular job

Abnormal Psychology (8 decks)

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