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Abnormal Psychology > Depressive Disorders > Flashcards

Depressive Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

mood disorders

A

characterized by prolonged and marked distuebances in mood that affect how people feel, what they believe/expect, how they think/talk, and how they interact with others

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2
Q

3 types of mood episodes

A
  • major depressive
  • manic
  • hypomanic
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3
Q

symptoms of a major depressive episode

A
  • 2 weeks +
  • depressed mood (prototypical)
  • diminished interest/pleasure (prototypical)
  • change in weight/appetite
  • sleep disturbance
  • fatiuge/loss of energy
  • feelings of worthlessness or guilt
  • difficulty concentrating
  • suicidal ideation
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4
Q

symptoms of major depressive disorder

A
  • 2 weeks +
  • 5 or more major depressive episode symptoms with at least one being prototypical
  • no history of mania or hypomania
  • must distinguish between single episode or recurring episodes
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5
Q

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) symptoms

A
  • 2 years +
  • depressed mood
  • two or more: appetite change, sleep change, low energy, low self-esteem, concentration difficulties, hopelessness
  • no history of mania or hypomania
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6
Q

double depression

A

having a diagnosis of both major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder

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7
Q

biological factors

A
  • low activity in frontal lobe and amygdala (emotion center)
  • low levels of serotonin, which in turn affects dopamine and norepinephrine
  • high levels of cortisol
  • genetic predisposition
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8
Q

psychological factors

A
  • poor coping mechanisms
  • learned helplessness
  • attention bias toward negative stimulus
  • distorted perceptions of the world, self, or future
  • negative attributional style
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9
Q

characteristics of a negative attributional style

A
  • ruminates on negative feelings
  • global: everything is bad
  • internal: caused by self
  • stable: things are always bad
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10
Q

social factors

A
  • interactions with others who have strong negative emotions
  • non-secure attachment style
  • social stressors
  • culture
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11
Q

potential reasons for women to be diagnosed twice as often

A
  • socialized to express emotions more freely
  • coping styles are focused on emotions, leading to rumination
  • more likely to report symptoms
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12
Q

treatment

A
  • CBT and interpersonal therapy
  • antidepressant medications
  • electroconvulsive therapy
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13
Q

tricyclic medications

A

effective but have fatal side effects and the overdose risk is high

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14
Q

MAOI medications

A

inhibit monamines from being broken down; effective but have severe interactions with other medications and certain foods that can cause death

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15
Q

SSRI, SNRI, and NaSSA medications

A

treatment of choice; effective and lack any fatal side effects; can cause dry mouth and lower libido

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16
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

triggers a seizure that releases several neurotransmitters, providing immediate relief; effective for 50% of patients who do not respond to medication

17
Q

psychomotor agitation

A

inability to sit still, evidenced by pacing, hand wringing, or rubbing/pulling the skin, clothes, or other objects

18
Q

psychomotor retardation

A

slowing of motor function indicated by slowed bodily movements and speech and lower volume, variety, or amount of speech

19
Q

vegetative signs of depression

A

psychomotor retardation, changes in appetite/weight, and changes in sleep

20
Q

behavioral changes associated with depressed mood

A
  • negative comments
  • less eye contact
  • less responsive
  • soft spoken
  • speak in short sentences
21
Q

typical depression

A

insomnia, weight loss, poor mood throughout the day

22
Q

atypical depression

A

hypersomnia, weight gain, brighter mood in response to positive events

23
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

variant of major depressive disorder that is characterized by recurrent depressive episodes beginning in autumn and continuing through the winter, with symptoms disappearing or lightening in the summer

24
Q

negative triad of depression

A

having overly negative cognitive distortions about the world, the self, and the future

25
Q

interpersonal therapy

A

improves patient’s skills in relationships so that they become more satisfying

26
Q

mood disorder continuum

A

depression –> mania

unipolar = only one end activates, bipolar = both ends activate

Abnormal Psychology (8 decks)

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