Eating Disorders Flashcards
key features of anorexia
a person will not maintain at least a low normal weight despite medical and psychological consequences
gender rate of anorexia and bulimia
75-90% are female
anorexia, restricting type
low weight is achieved and maintained through severe under-eating or excessive exercise (classic/most common)
anorexia, binge and purge type
low weight is achieved by binge eating followed by a purge
medical effects of anorexia
- muscle wasting, specifically the heart muscle
- low heart rate
- low blood pressure
- abdominal bloating/discomfort
- slowed metabolism
- loss of bone density
- dry and yellowed skin
- loss of hair
- lanugo hair developed on body
- brittle nails
- imbalance of electrolytes
- dehydration
- restlessness
muscle wasting
the body breaking down its own muscle in order to obtain needed calories
psychological and social effects of anorexia
- sensitive to light, cold, and sound
- less sleep
- loss of sex drive
- worsened mood
- obsessions and ruminations on food
- extremely distorted thoughts about weight and body
distinguishing feature between bulimia and anorexia
people with bulimia do not have significantly low body weights
relationship between anorexia and bulimia
half of people with anorexia later develop bulimia
medical effects of bulimia
- swollen glands in the jaw
- eroded tooth enamel
- heart and muscle problems
- loss of intestinal functioning
- dehydration
- loss of electrolytes
- fatigue
- irregular periods
- abdominal bloating/discomfort
binge eating disorder
characterized by binge eating without any subsequent purging
medical effects of binge eating disorder
- obesity
- diabetes
- heart disease
- high blood pressure
- high cholesterol
gender rates for binge eating disorder
women are diagnosed twice as much as men
other eating disorder: partial case
patients have symptoms that meet only some of the criteria, but not enough to meet all criteria for a diagnosis
other eating disorder: subthreshold case
patients have symptoms that fit all the necessary criteria, but at lower levels than required for a diagnosis
biological factors
- low activity in frontal lobes
- low activity in amygdala
- loss of gray and white matter in the brain
- abnormal serotonin functioning
- genetics
psychological factors
- positive and negative reinforcements
- cognitive distortions
social factors
- family modeling
- friends and peers
- media messages
- societal values
symptoms of binge eating disorder
- recurrent binges
- at least 3 of the following: rapid eating, eating until uncomfortable, eating when not hungry, eating alone due to embarrassment, or feeling disgusted/guilty after eating
- marked distress
- occurs at least once a week for 3 months or more
- NO purging
symptoms of anorexia
- low body weight due to restricted food intake (BMI under 17)
- intense fear of gaining weight
- distorted sense of body shape
- lasts 3 months or more
symptoms of bulimia
- recurrent binges
- compensatory behaviors
- normal body weight
- occurs at least once a week for 3 months or more
- self-concept is focused on body shape and weight
binge eating
eating an excessive amount of food within 2 hours and feeling out of control
purging vs non-purging compensatory behaviors
purging: vomiting, laxatives, etc.
non-purging: excessive exercise, fasting
treatment for bulimia
- CBT: psychoeducation and changing beliefs and perceptions about self
- SSRIs can help in the short-term
treatment for anorexia
- weight gain through medical plans
- restructuring and challenging thought processes
- family interaction improvements
treatment for binge eating disorder
- self-help methods
- CBT or family therapy
maudsley approach
family treatment style that focuses on supporting parents of a child with anorexia
