Intellectual, Developmental, Learning, and Behavioral Disorders

Question 1

symptoms of intellectual disability

Answer 1

• deficits in intellectual functioning
• deficits in adaptive functioning
• deficits across multiple environments
• onset before age 18

Question 2

IQ that is 2 standard deviations below average

Answer 2

70

Question 3

three areas of adaptive functioning

Answer 3

• social
• conceptual
• practical

Question 4

mild disability level of functioning

Answer 4

• functions relatively well

- may seem immature to others

Question 5

moderate disability level of functioning

Answer 5

• unable to function independently
• can be trained for unskilled work
• can engage in basic self-care independently
• capable of relationships, but do not accurately understand social cues

Question 6

severe disability level of functioning

Answer 6

• can perform relatively simple tasks under close supervision
• lack basic speech and mathematic skills

Question 7

profound disability level of functioning

Answer 7

• require constant supervision
• nonverbal communication
• significant other medical and neurological problems

Question 8

symptoms of specific learning disorder

Answer 8

• difficulties with learning and academic skills
• skill levels are below age expectation
• onset during school years
• difficulty lasts for 6 months or more
• ruled out other causes

Question 9

types of specific learning disorder

Answer 9

• reading: inaccurate/slow reading or difficulty understanding what is being read
• writing: spelling or grammar/punctuation
• math: basic numbers and calculations or mathematical reasoning

Question 10

symptoms of autism

Answer 10

• deficits in social communication and interaction
• at least two restricted and repetitive patterns
• onset during the early developmental period (before age 3)

Question 11

types of social communication deficits

Answer 11

• social-emotional reciprocity
• nonverbal communication
• relationships

Question 12

examples of restricted, repetitive patterns

Answer 12

• hyper-reactive or hypo-reactive

- organizing things in a specific way

Question 13

symptoms of ADHD

Answer 13

• persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity
• at least 6 inattention symptoms or at least 6 hyperactive symptoms
• last 6 months or more
• symptoms must be present before age 12
• symptoms exist in at least two settings

Question 14

inattention symptoms

Answer 14

• inattention to detail or making careless mistakes
• difficulty sustaining attention
• not listening when spoken to directly
• failure to follow through on instructions
• difficulty in organizing activities
• not liking tasks that require sustained efforts
• losing things
• easily distracted by stimuli
• forgetfulness

Question 15

hyperactive symptoms

Answer 15

• fidgeting
• leaving your seat when expected to be seated
• running or climbing when inappropriate to do so
• unable to engage in quiet activities
• acting like being driven by a motor
• excessive talking
• blurting out answers
• interrupting or intruding in conversation

Question 16

types of ADHD diagnosis

Answer 16

• ADHD, hyperactive type
• ADHD, inattention type
• ADHD, combined type

Question 17

symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 17

• a pattern of at least 4 behaviors with non-siblings
• rule out other disorders and causes (disruptive mood dysregulation)
• behaviors persist for at least 6 months

Question 18

types of behavior under oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 18

• losing temper
• being touchy or easily annoyed
• angry and resentful
• arguing with authority figures
• actively defying rules
• deliberately annoying others
• blaming others for mistakes
• spiteful actions at least twice in 6 months

Question 19

symptoms of conduct disorder

Answer 19

• violating the rights of others and societal norms through at least three behaviors
• rule out other disorders and causes (antisocial)
• behaviors exist for at least 12 months with at least one symptom occurring within the last 6 months

Question 20

types of behavior under conduct disorder

Answer 20

• bullying/threatening
• initiating fights
• using a serious weapon
• physical cruelty to animals
• physical cruelty to people
• theft in presence of a victim
• forcing sexual activity
• deliberate fire setting to cause damage
• deliberately destroying property
• breaking into a house, building, or car
• lying to avoid obligations or obtain favors
• stealing non-trivial items without the victim present
• staying out at night despite prohibitions before age 13
• running away from home twice or once for a long time
• truancy before age 13

Question 21

specifiers of conduct disorder

Answer 21

• adolescent-onset
• childhood-onset callous and unemotional
• childhood-onset non callous or unemotional

Question 22

adolescent onset type of conduct disorder

Answer 22

• no symptoms before age 10
• less or no violent symptoms
• less severe

Question 23

childhood onset non callous or unemotional type of conduct disorder

Answer 23

• symptoms before age 10
• more likely to be violent in response to triggers
• moderately severe

Question 24

childhood onset callous and unemotional type of conduct disorder

Answer 24

• symptoms before age 10
• most likely to be violent when unprovoked
• decreased sensitivity to punishment
• typically turns into an antisocial diagnosis
• most severe

Question 25

treatment options

Answer 25

• focus is on prevention
• operant conditioning with reward to change behaviors
• teaching new social, emotion management, and other skills
• address any related problems
• medication for impulsivity, hyperactivity, agitation, and/or aggression

Question 26

etiology

Answer 26

almost fully due to neurological factors, but things such as lead paint or smoking during pregnancy can heighten risk

Question 27

stereotyped behaviors

Answer 27

repetitive behaviors that do not serve a function and are common among people with intellectual disability and ASD, such as body rocking or hand flapping

Question 28

teratogens

Answer 28

substances that are harmful to a fetus and increase risk for a disorder