Intellectual, Developmental, Learning, and Behavioral Disorders Flashcards
symptoms of intellectual disability
- deficits in intellectual functioning
- deficits in adaptive functioning
- deficits across multiple environments
- onset before age 18
IQ that is 2 standard deviations below average
70
three areas of adaptive functioning
- social
- conceptual
- practical
mild disability level of functioning
- functions relatively well
- may seem immature to others
moderate disability level of functioning
- unable to function independently
- can be trained for unskilled work
- can engage in basic self-care independently
- capable of relationships, but do not accurately understand social cues
severe disability level of functioning
- can perform relatively simple tasks under close supervision
- lack basic speech and mathematic skills
profound disability level of functioning
- require constant supervision
- nonverbal communication
- significant other medical and neurological problems
symptoms of specific learning disorder
- difficulties with learning and academic skills
- skill levels are below age expectation
- onset during school years
- difficulty lasts for 6 months or more
- ruled out other causes
types of specific learning disorder
- reading: inaccurate/slow reading or difficulty understanding what is being read
- writing: spelling or grammar/punctuation
- math: basic numbers and calculations or mathematical reasoning
symptoms of autism
- deficits in social communication and interaction
- at least two restricted and repetitive patterns
- onset during the early developmental period (before age 3)
types of social communication deficits
- social-emotional reciprocity
- nonverbal communication
- relationships
examples of restricted, repetitive patterns
- hyper-reactive or hypo-reactive
- organizing things in a specific way
symptoms of ADHD
- persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity
- at least 6 inattention symptoms or at least 6 hyperactive symptoms
- last 6 months or more
- symptoms must be present before age 12
- symptoms exist in at least two settings
inattention symptoms
- inattention to detail or making careless mistakes
- difficulty sustaining attention
- not listening when spoken to directly
- failure to follow through on instructions
- difficulty in organizing activities
- not liking tasks that require sustained efforts
- losing things
- easily distracted by stimuli
- forgetfulness
hyperactive symptoms
- fidgeting
- leaving your seat when expected to be seated
- running or climbing when inappropriate to do so
- unable to engage in quiet activities
- acting like being driven by a motor
- excessive talking
- blurting out answers
- interrupting or intruding in conversation
types of ADHD diagnosis
- ADHD, hyperactive type
- ADHD, inattention type
- ADHD, combined type
symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder
- a pattern of at least 4 behaviors with non-siblings
- rule out other disorders and causes (disruptive mood dysregulation)
- behaviors persist for at least 6 months
types of behavior under oppositional defiant disorder
- losing temper
- being touchy or easily annoyed
- angry and resentful
- arguing with authority figures
- actively defying rules
- deliberately annoying others
- blaming others for mistakes
- spiteful actions at least twice in 6 months
symptoms of conduct disorder
- violating the rights of others and societal norms through at least three behaviors
- rule out other disorders and causes (antisocial)
- behaviors exist for at least 12 months with at least one symptom occurring within the last 6 months
types of behavior under conduct disorder
- bullying/threatening
- initiating fights
- using a serious weapon
- physical cruelty to animals
- physical cruelty to people
- theft in presence of a victim
- forcing sexual activity
- deliberate fire setting to cause damage
- deliberately destroying property
- breaking into a house, building, or car
- lying to avoid obligations or obtain favors
- stealing non-trivial items without the victim present
- staying out at night despite prohibitions before age 13
- running away from home twice or once for a long time
- truancy before age 13
specifiers of conduct disorder
- adolescent-onset
- childhood-onset callous and unemotional
- childhood-onset non callous or unemotional
adolescent onset type of conduct disorder
- no symptoms before age 10
- less or no violent symptoms
- less severe
childhood onset non callous or unemotional type of conduct disorder
- symptoms before age 10
- more likely to be violent in response to triggers
- moderately severe
childhood onset callous and unemotional type of conduct disorder
- symptoms before age 10
- most likely to be violent when unprovoked
- decreased sensitivity to punishment
- typically turns into an antisocial diagnosis
- most severe
treatment options
- focus is on prevention
- operant conditioning with reward to change behaviors
- teaching new social, emotion management, and other skills
- address any related problems
- medication for impulsivity, hyperactivity, agitation, and/or aggression
etiology
almost fully due to neurological factors, but things such as lead paint or smoking during pregnancy can heighten risk
stereotyped behaviors
repetitive behaviors that do not serve a function and are common among people with intellectual disability and ASD, such as body rocking or hand flapping
teratogens
substances that are harmful to a fetus and increase risk for a disorder
