Psychotherapy

Question 1

Types of Psychotherapy

Answer 1

What form of conditioning?: “Doing your PT will get you back to work quickly.”

Question 2

The “Waves” of Psychotherapy

Answer 2

Psychodynamic – Late 19th and early 20th century
Behaviorism – 1920s
Humanistic – 1950s
Cognitive – 1950s (CBT in 1970s)
What next???
Mindfulness based therapies

Question 3

Psychodynamic

Answer 3

Experiences in childhood impact us throughout life

Unconscious conflicts and resulting use of defense mechanisms lead to maladaptive behavior and relationships

Therapy geared towards increasing “insight” into these unconscious processes

Question 4

Behavior Therapy

Answer 4

Departure from psychoanalysis-focus on observable behaviors

Based on classical learning theory and operant learning theory

Behaviors are reinforced or punished
Panic attacks leading to avoidance
Avoidance is reinforced thus leading to agoraphobia

Therapy designed to change conditioning

Expose the patient and then prevent them from experiencing the negative effect

Question 5

Humanistic or Person-Centered

Answer 5

Fundamental belief in people and their tendency towards health under the proper conditions
“Self-Actualization”

Maladaptive functioning due in part to external judgments and our attempts to conform in ways that are inconsistent with who we really are

Necessary and sufficient conditions of therapy
Unconditional positive regard
Expression of accurate empathy
Congruence or genuineness

Question 6

Cognitive Therapy

Answer 6

Distress is caused by faulty information processing

Cognitive triad of depression – Negative thoughts about:
The self
The world
The future

Goal of therapy: Challenge negative beliefs, neutral information processing

Question 7

Examples of faulty information processing

Answer 7

Anxiety: Danger
Anger: Threat or hostile attributions
Depression: Loss or defeat
Mania: Self-importance

Question 8

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Answer 8

Interplay between our thoughts emotion, and behaviour.

What we think affects how we act and feel, what we do affects how we think and feel, what we feel affects how we think and do

Question 9

TEST: Cognitive Restructuring

Answer 9

listen for and then challenge, and develope alternative thoughts-new thoughts to replace the thoughts that keep anxiety going

Question 10

example of Cognitive Restructuring:

Answer 10

Start with: if I exercise, I’m giong to have a heart attack and die, anxiety rating: 10 on anxiety scale, explain evidence for: heart starts to beat more quickly and I get short of breath; explain evidence against: no family history, no heart problems, doctor said I’m fine; alternate thought: heart rate is supposed to go up when you exercie and heart attack isn’t likely ,now check anxiety rating: 5

Question 11

types of behavioral techniques:

Answer 11

diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation; focus on specific set of muscle groups: tense and relax, repeat, etc

Question 12

CBT can be used to treat:

Answer 12

insomnia, binge eating,

Question 13

There is concrete evidence that psychotherapy, non-drug talk therapy:

Answer 13

actually changes physical brain structure and function

Question 14

Mindfulness:

Answer 14

Not specifically about “relaxation,” but actually paying attention to the present with intention, while letting go of judgement, as if your life depends on it

Question 15

we feel all kinds of physical sensation that are at the ______, but many people with chronic pain become:

Answer 15

preconscious (not necessarily things that we’re noticing, i.e. what it’s like to have feet on the floor), obsessed about minor details of physical sensations

Question 16

TEST: _______ is often used to help people who are suicidal or cut themselves; they:

Answer 16

mindfulness; invite them to have a new relationship with their thoughts, not to ignore them, or distract themselves from them, but if one can not judge oneself for having those thoughts, it takes away the power of the thoghts that we have

Question 17

DBT:

Answer 17

dialectibel Behavioral Therapy

Question 18

TEST: ______ is associated with the transdiagnostic approach and includes:

Answer 18

Acceptance and commitment Therapy

Question 19

TEST: DBT is used in the treatment of:

Answer 19

borderline personality disorder

Question 20

TEST: Personal favorite: _________theory, ______ approach (not just one thing or another) This addresses the ____; The issue is that, as problem solving animals, we ______

Answer 20

acceptance and commitment theory, transdiagnostic approach; human tendancy to avoid unpleasant stimuluses, unpleasurable experiecnes and uncomfortable thoughts, etc, solve ourselfs out of experiences that aren’t REALLY problems

Question 21

BPD are often _______ and are markedly ______. _____ can be seen transiently under stress. Patients make frantic efforts to avoid ______because they have chronic feelings of ______. ________ is common

Answer 21

chronically depressed, impulsive; psychosis (paranoia), real or perceived abandonment, emptiness. Suicidal behavior or gestures

Question 22

24 yr old woman is seen in ed after superficially cutting both her wrists. Her explanation is that she was upset because her bf of 3 weeks broke up with her. When asked, she says that she had numersoud sexual partners. Which therapy would she respond to?

Answer 22

dialectical behaioral therapy; this is a form of cognitive therapy and has been show to be effective at treating BPD. The therapy attempt to help the patient explore their own behavior, thoughts, feelings, in the present without delving into the patient’s childhood, which tends to be regressive for these patients, resulting in increased suicidal behavior and acting

Question 23

30 yo woman with history of unstable interpersonal relationships, suicidal gestures, and marked impulsivity is referred to you for dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)
which of the following is this patient most likely suffering from?
avoidant personality disorder
bipolar disorder
passive-aggressive personality disorder
borderline personality disorder
schizoid personality disorder

Answer 23

borderline personality disorder

DBT is a form of CBT and is used to treat Borderline personality disorder

Question 24

the foundations of DBT include which of the following
the patient is doign the best he/she can
the patient may fail therapy
the patient may not want to improve
the patient should not learn new behaviors
the patient is responsible for causing his/her problems

Answer 24

A
The patient is presumed to be doing the best they can
The patients is encouraged to take responsibility for solving their own problems, and the may or may not have caused their problems. Either way, they are encouraged to take it upon themselves to solve their problems. They are also encouraged to learn new behaviors in a relative context and believe that they cannot fail in therapy