Psychotherapy Flashcards
Types of Psychotherapy
What form of conditioning?: “Doing your PT will get you back to work quickly.”
The “Waves” of Psychotherapy
Psychodynamic – Late 19th and early 20th century Behaviorism – 1920s Humanistic – 1950s Cognitive – 1950s (CBT in 1970s) What next??? Mindfulness based therapies
Psychodynamic
Experiences in childhood impact us throughout life
Unconscious conflicts and resulting use of defense mechanisms lead to maladaptive behavior and relationships
Therapy geared towards increasing “insight” into these unconscious processes
Behavior Therapy
Departure from psychoanalysis-focus on observable behaviors
Based on classical learning theory and operant learning theory
Behaviors are reinforced or punished
Panic attacks leading to avoidance
Avoidance is reinforced thus leading to agoraphobia
Therapy designed to change conditioning
Expose the patient and then prevent them from experiencing the negative effect
Humanistic or Person-Centered
Fundamental belief in people and their tendency towards health under the proper conditions
“Self-Actualization”
Maladaptive functioning due in part to external judgments and our attempts to conform in ways that are inconsistent with who we really are
Necessary and sufficient conditions of therapy
Unconditional positive regard
Expression of accurate empathy
Congruence or genuineness
Cognitive Therapy
Distress is caused by faulty information processing
Cognitive triad of depression – Negative thoughts about:
The self
The world
The future
Goal of therapy: Challenge negative beliefs, neutral information processing
Examples of faulty information processing
Anxiety: Danger
Anger: Threat or hostile attributions
Depression: Loss or defeat
Mania: Self-importance
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Interplay between our thoughts emotion, and behaviour.
What we think affects how we act and feel, what we do affects how we think and feel, what we feel affects how we think and do
TEST: Cognitive Restructuring
listen for and then challenge, and develope alternative thoughts-new thoughts to replace the thoughts that keep anxiety going
example of Cognitive Restructuring:
Start with: if I exercise, I’m giong to have a heart attack and die, anxiety rating: 10 on anxiety scale, explain evidence for: heart starts to beat more quickly and I get short of breath; explain evidence against: no family history, no heart problems, doctor said I’m fine; alternate thought: heart rate is supposed to go up when you exercie and heart attack isn’t likely ,now check anxiety rating: 5
types of behavioral techniques:
diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation; focus on specific set of muscle groups: tense and relax, repeat, etc
CBT can be used to treat:
insomnia, binge eating,
There is concrete evidence that psychotherapy, non-drug talk therapy:
actually changes physical brain structure and function
Mindfulness:
Not specifically about “relaxation,” but actually paying attention to the present with intention, while letting go of judgement, as if your life depends on it
we feel all kinds of physical sensation that are at the ______, but many people with chronic pain become:
preconscious (not necessarily things that we’re noticing, i.e. what it’s like to have feet on the floor), obsessed about minor details of physical sensations
TEST: _______ is often used to help people who are suicidal or cut themselves; they:
mindfulness; invite them to have a new relationship with their thoughts, not to ignore them, or distract themselves from them, but if one can not judge oneself for having those thoughts, it takes away the power of the thoghts that we have
DBT:
dialectibel Behavioral Therapy
TEST: ______ is associated with the transdiagnostic approach and includes:
Acceptance and commitment Therapy
TEST: DBT is used in the treatment of:
borderline personality disorder
TEST: Personal favorite: _________theory, ______ approach (not just one thing or another) This addresses the ____; The issue is that, as problem solving animals, we ______
acceptance and commitment theory, transdiagnostic approach; human tendancy to avoid unpleasant stimuluses, unpleasurable experiecnes and uncomfortable thoughts, etc, solve ourselfs out of experiences that aren’t REALLY problems
BPD are often _______ and are markedly ______. _____ can be seen transiently under stress. Patients make frantic efforts to avoid ______because they have chronic feelings of ______. ________ is common
chronically depressed, impulsive; psychosis (paranoia), real or perceived abandonment, emptiness. Suicidal behavior or gestures
24 yr old woman is seen in ed after superficially cutting both her wrists. Her explanation is that she was upset because her bf of 3 weeks broke up with her. When asked, she says that she had numersoud sexual partners. Which therapy would she respond to?
dialectical behaioral therapy; this is a form of cognitive therapy and has been show to be effective at treating BPD. The therapy attempt to help the patient explore their own behavior, thoughts, feelings, in the present without delving into the patient’s childhood, which tends to be regressive for these patients, resulting in increased suicidal behavior and acting
30 yo woman with history of unstable interpersonal relationships, suicidal gestures, and marked impulsivity is referred to you for dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)
which of the following is this patient most likely suffering from?
avoidant personality disorder
bipolar disorder
passive-aggressive personality disorder
borderline personality disorder
schizoid personality disorder
borderline personality disorder
DBT is a form of CBT and is used to treat Borderline personality disorder
the foundations of DBT include which of the following
the patient is doign the best he/she can
the patient may fail therapy
the patient may not want to improve
the patient should not learn new behaviors
the patient is responsible for causing his/her problems
A
The patient is presumed to be doing the best they can
The patients is encouraged to take responsibility for solving their own problems, and the may or may not have caused their problems. Either way, they are encouraged to take it upon themselves to solve their problems. They are also encouraged to learn new behaviors in a relative context and believe that they cannot fail in therapy
