Psychostimulants 1

Question 1

Cocaine

Answer 1

(Erythroxylon coca)

Plant Derivatives: Bases Containing Nitrogen

Question 2

Cocaine preperation leaves

Answer 2

coca leaves
Cocaine HCL
Cocaine Base

Question 3

Cocaine HCL

Answer 3

• Salt
• Water-soluble
• Degraded Before Vaporizing

Question 4

Cocaine Base

Answer 4

• Free Base
• Water-Insoluble
• Vaporizes

Question 5

Cocaine Processing

Answer 5

Coca Leaves
-
Coca Paste
-
Cocaine HCL
--stable Salt
--Purified
-
Cocaine Base
--Alkaline Precipitate
--Free Base, Crack

Question 6

Free Base Cocaine Processing

Answer 6

• Mix Cocaine HCL with Ammonia
• Extract Precipitate with Ether
• Evaporate Ether

Question 7

Crack Cocaine Processing

Answer 7

• Mix Cocaine HCL with Baking Soda (NaHCO3)
• Heat
• Filter Precipitate
• Wash Precipitate and Dry

Question 8

Cocaine Administration

Answer 8

Coca Leaves (Buccal)

Cocaine HCL
(Intranasal)
(Intravenous)

Cocaine Base
(Inhalation)

Question 9

Cocaine Absorbtion by intranasal

Answer 9

Rapid Absorbtion

Onset in minutes, Duration of 60 minutes

Question 10

Cocaine Absorbtion by inhalation

Answer 10

VERY rapid absorbtion

Onset in seconds, Duration of 15 minutes

Question 11

Cocaine Distribution

Answer 11

crosses the blood brain barrier

Question 12

Cocaine Metabolism

Answer 12

Via Liver

First Order

Question 13

Major Metabolites (Ecgonines)

Answer 13

Benzoylecgonine

Cocaethylene (formed in presence of ethanol)

Question 14

Cocaine Half life

Answer 14

After roughly 4 hours, drug is eliminated from plasma

Metabolites persist up to 3-5 days after last administration, much longer in heavy users, detection depends on sensitivity of procedure

Question 15

Cocaine Mechanisms

Answer 15

• Blocks reuptake of Dopamine (DAT)
• Blocks Uptake of Serotonin (SERT)
• Blocks uptake of Norepinephrine (NET)

Blocks sodium Channels locally

Question 16

Cocaine Cognitive and Behavioral effects

Answer 16

• Arousal
• Alertness
• Wakefulness
• Energy
• Increased Concentration
• Decreased Distractability
• Confidence
• Sense of Well-being
• Euphoria
• Increased General Activity
• Improved Physical Performance

Question 17

Cocaine and the Noradrenergic pathway

Answer 17

Cortex

Question 18

Cocaine Body Weight Effects

Answer 18

• Suppresses Appetite
• Increases General Activity
• Decreases Body Weight

Question 19

Cocaine Sympathomimetic Effects

Answer 19

• Increased Heart Rate
• Increased Blood Pressure
• Increased Respiration Rate
• Dilation of Airways
• Dilation of Pupils
• Inhibited digestion
• Decreased salivation
• Urinary Retention
• Increased Cellular Metabolism
• Increased Body Temperature

Gets the Alpha Beta receptors

Question 20

Cocaine Toxic Effects

Answer 20

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Confusion
• Agitation
• Fatigue
• Insomnia
• Nasal Bleeding
• Seizures
• Cardiac Arrest

-Stimulant Psychosis

Question 21

Cocaine and the Cardiovascular system

Answer 21

Increases Demand

• increased heart rate
• increased blood pressure

Reduces Heart Function

• Constricts coronary artery reducing oxygen reaching heart
• Exerts direct toxic action on heart

Potential Consequences

• Cardiac Arrythmia
• Heart stoppage or cerebral stroke

Question 22

Cocaine Therapeutic uses

Answer 22

• Local Anesthetic
• Blocks Na+ channels
• middle ear, pharynx, larynx, mucosae of the nose, cornea and iris, urinary tract, rectum
• reduces blood flow to site
• Substitutes include procaine and lidocaine