Psychostimulants 1 Flashcards
Cocaine
(Erythroxylon coca)
Plant Derivatives: Bases Containing Nitrogen
Cocaine preperation leaves
coca leaves
Cocaine HCL
Cocaine Base
Cocaine HCL
- Salt
- Water-soluble
- Degraded Before Vaporizing
Cocaine Base
- Free Base
- Water-Insoluble
- Vaporizes
Cocaine Processing
Coca Leaves - Coca Paste - Cocaine HCL --stable Salt --Purified - Cocaine Base --Alkaline Precipitate --Free Base, Crack
Free Base Cocaine Processing
- Mix Cocaine HCL with Ammonia
- Extract Precipitate with Ether
- Evaporate Ether
Crack Cocaine Processing
- Mix Cocaine HCL with Baking Soda (NaHCO3)
- Heat
- Filter Precipitate
- Wash Precipitate and Dry
Cocaine Administration
Coca Leaves (Buccal)
Cocaine HCL
(Intranasal)
(Intravenous)
Cocaine Base
(Inhalation)
Cocaine Absorbtion by intranasal
Rapid Absorbtion
Onset in minutes, Duration of 60 minutes
Cocaine Absorbtion by inhalation
VERY rapid absorbtion
Onset in seconds, Duration of 15 minutes
Cocaine Distribution
crosses the blood brain barrier
Cocaine Metabolism
Via Liver
First Order
Major Metabolites (Ecgonines)
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaethylene (formed in presence of ethanol)
Cocaine Half life
After roughly 4 hours, drug is eliminated from plasma
Metabolites persist up to 3-5 days after last administration, much longer in heavy users, detection depends on sensitivity of procedure
Cocaine Mechanisms
- Blocks reuptake of Dopamine (DAT)
- Blocks Uptake of Serotonin (SERT)
- Blocks uptake of Norepinephrine (NET)
Blocks sodium Channels locally
Cocaine Cognitive and Behavioral effects
- Arousal
- Alertness
- Wakefulness
- Energy
- Increased Concentration
- Decreased Distractability
- Confidence
- Sense of Well-being
- Euphoria
- Increased General Activity
- Improved Physical Performance
Cocaine and the Noradrenergic pathway
Cortex
Cocaine Body Weight Effects
- Suppresses Appetite
- Increases General Activity
- Decreases Body Weight
Cocaine Sympathomimetic Effects
- Increased Heart Rate
- Increased Blood Pressure
- Increased Respiration Rate
- Dilation of Airways
- Dilation of Pupils
- Inhibited digestion
- Decreased salivation
- Urinary Retention
- Increased Cellular Metabolism
- Increased Body Temperature
Gets the Alpha Beta receptors
Cocaine Toxic Effects
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Confusion
- Agitation
- Fatigue
- Insomnia
- Nasal Bleeding
- Seizures
- Cardiac Arrest
-Stimulant Psychosis
Cocaine and the Cardiovascular system
Increases Demand
- increased heart rate
- increased blood pressure
Reduces Heart Function
- Constricts coronary artery reducing oxygen reaching heart
- Exerts direct toxic action on heart
Potential Consequences
- Cardiac Arrythmia
- Heart stoppage or cerebral stroke
Cocaine Therapeutic uses
- Local Anesthetic
- Blocks Na+ channels
- middle ear, pharynx, larynx, mucosae of the nose, cornea and iris, urinary tract, rectum
- reduces blood flow to site
- Substitutes include procaine and lidocaine
