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psychopharmacology test2 > autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic nervious system graph

A

–> direction
{Higher brain centres: [Brain stem nuclei];

Brain stem nuclei: [Visceral afferents, Parasympathetic efferents, Sympathetic efferents];

Visceral afferents: [ENS];

Parasympathetic efferents: [ENS];

Sympathetic efferents: [ENS];

Enteric Nervous system (ENS): [Sensory neurones, Interneurons, Motor neurones]}

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2
Q

Walter Cannon

A

noticed autonomic nervous system

coined the term Homeostasis and fight or flight

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3
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • Control smooth muscles, exocrine and endocrine secretions, and metabolic processes
  • systems often drive organs in opposite directions
  • Systems cooperate to maintain homeostasis
  • flight or fight/ rest and digest are extremes
  • if one system is inhibited, the other will dominate which can lead to threatening consequences
  • Activation depends on experience, context, basal level
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4
Q

Parasympathetic receptors

A

Preganglion: Nicotinic

PostGanglion: muscarinic

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5
Q

Sympathetic receptors

A

PreGanglion: Nicotinic

PostGanglion: Adrenergic

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6
Q

Parasympathetic preganglion cell body locations

A

Medulla(III, VII, IX, X) and sacral spinal cord

-long axon

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7
Q

Sympathetic PreGanglioinic cell body locations

A

Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal cord

-shorter axon

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8
Q

Parasympathetic PostGanglionic Cell body locations

A

In Ganglia near innervated organ or tissue

-short axon

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9
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic cell body locations

A

Paravertebral chain ganglia or abdominal ganglia

-longer axon

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10
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitters

A

AcetylCholine

  • nicotinic receptors preganglion
  • muscarinic receptors postganglion
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11
Q

Sympathetic Neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine

  • muscarinic for sweat glands postganglion
  • nicotinic for all preganglion
  • goes to adrenal medulla nicotinic receptors to stimulate epinephrine and norepinephrine release into blood stream

NorEpinephrine

  • Alpha Beta receptors for cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals
  • -postganglion
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12
Q

Nicotinic receptors

A

pre and post for parasympathetic and sympathetic

cholinergic
2 alpha and 3 beta subunits

needs 2 ACh molecules

sodium ion channel

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13
Q

muscarinic receptors

A 
cholinergic
post tissue for parasympathetic
metabotropic
-deactivates adenylyl cyclase (inhibits cAMP)
-Activates Phospholipase C
-Opens K+ channels
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14
Q

alpha and beta receptors

A 
noradrenergic
metabotropic
-activates adenylyl cyclase with g protein and GTP
--uses ATP to make cyclic AMP
---adds to Protein Kinase
----phosphorylates Enzymes
-----cellular response
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15
Q

Beta receptor subtypes

A

1, 2, 3

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16
Q

Alpha receptor subtypes

A

1, 2

17
Q

muscarinic receptor subtypes

A

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5

18
Q

sympathetic heart activation

A
  • Beta1 is the predominant receptor subtype
  • Activates cAMP System
  • Increases heart rate
  • Increases force of contraction
19
Q

Autonomic control of bladder

A

Beta2- Relaxes Bladder Muscle
Alpha1- Contracts Sphincter Muscle
M3 - Contracts Bladder Muscle
M1- Relaxes Sphincter Muscle

20
Q

Adrenal Gland

A 
resides on kidney
sympathetic activation
Epinephrine 80 %
Norepinephrine 20%
Boosts and coordinates sympathetic nervous system response
21
Q

Catecholamine synthesis

A

Tyrosine
–Tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)

DOPA –Aromatic Amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)

Dopamine

Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase (DBH)
Norepinephrine

22
Q

Epinephrine synthesis

A

Norepinephrine
phenylethanolamine N-methyltranserase
epinephrine

23
Q

Dopaminergic Synapse

A
  • Stored in Synaptic vesicles
  • Storage is Reserpine sensitive (Blocks VMAT)
  • Release regulated by calcium influx
  • Removal from synapse by Reuptake (DAT) and Degradation by MAO and COMT
  • Metabotropic receptors: D1, D2, D3, D4
  • Release Regulated by D2 Autoreceptors
24
Q

Reserpine

A

inhibits vesicularization of monoamines

25
Q

MAO

A

degrades free monoamines
Depletes brain of monAmines
Decreases blood pressure
Precipitates depression

26
Q

Dopamine Degradation

CoMT then MAO

A

Dopamine -Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)

  • 3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT)
  • Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Aldehyde dehydrogenase
  • Homovanillic acid (HVA)
27
Q

Dopamine degradation MAO then COMT

A 
Dopamine
Monoamine oxidase(MAO)
-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid (DOPAC)
catchol-O-methyltranserase (COMT)
-Homovanillic acid
28
Q

Homovanillic acid (HVA)

A

easier to detect than dopamine.

29
Q

dopamine measurement

A

spinal tap, MAO, COMT, get that stuff, then youve got a decent idea of how much dopamine
-more direct than Homovanillic acid measurement (metabolite)

30
Q

Major Dopaminergic Pathways

A

Nigrostriatal
Mesolimbic
Mesocortical
Tuberoinfundibular

31
Q

Nigrostriatal Pathway (DA)

A

substantia nigra to striatum movement
-associated with parkinsons
DA cell bodies are in the substantia nigra

32
Q

Mesocortical pathway (DA)

A

Ventral Tegmental Area to Cortex

  • thinking
  • disfunction associated with disfunction’
33
Q

Tuberoinfundibular Pathway (DA)

A 
Arcuate Nucleus (A12)
-
Median Eminence
-
Anterior Pituitary
-
DA Inhibits Prolactin release
34
Q

Noradrenergic Synapse

A
  • Stored in Synaptic Vesicles
  • Storage is Reserpine Sensitive (Blocks VMAT)
  • Release caused by calcium influx
  • Removal from synapse by reuptake (NET) and Degradation by MAO and COMT
  • Metabotropic Receptors: Alpha and Beta
  • Release Regulated by Alpha2 autoreceptors
35
Q

Norepinephrine degradation

COMT then MAO

A 
Norepinephrine
-COMT
Normetanephrine
-MAO
VanillylMandelic acid (VMA)
36
Q

NorEpinephrine degradation

MAO then COMT

A 
Norepinephrine
-MAO
Dihydroxymandelic acid
-COMT
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
37
Q

epinephrine degradation

COMT then MAO

A 
Epinephrine
-COMT
Metanephrine
-MAO
VMA
38
Q

epinephrine degradation

MAO then COMT

A 
Epinephrine
-MAO
Dihydroxymandelic acid
-COMT
VMA
39
Q

Noradrenergic pathway

A

NE cell bodies are in the cerebellum

psychopharmacology test2 (8 decks)

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