Psychosocial, Sex, Culture, Spirit

Question 1

What components affect health?

Answer 1

Biology, psychological factors, social factors, spiritual factors. As nurses we look at the whole person, not just the disease process. Any of these dimensions may dominate health needs at any time.

Question 2

What is self-concept and what are its components?

Answer 2

Overall view of oneself.

Identity, body image, role performance, self-esteem.

Question 3

What factors influence self-concept?

Answer 3

Identity stressors, body image stressors, role performance stressors, self-esteem stressors

Question 4

What are examples of role performance stressors?

Answer 4

Role conflict, role ambiguity, role strain, role overload

Question 5

What should psychosocial assessments include?

Answer 5

Biological, psychological and social details. Functional abilities, self-efficacy, family and social relationships, interpersonal communication, understanding about current illness, usual coping mechanisms, health priorities, spirituality.

Question 6

What are some nursing problems in this vein of self concept

Answer 6

Disturbed body image, caregiver role strain, disturbed personal identity, parental role conflict, chronic low self-esteem, ineffective individual coping, risk for loneliness, social isolation, risk for violence, impaired social interactions

Question 7

What nursing intervention can be used for clients with psychosocial and self-concept diagnoses?

Answer 7

Prevent depersonalization. Help the client maintain a sense of personhood.

Question 8

What are nursing interventions in this vein of self concept

Answer 8

Therapeutic relationship, encourage independence, monitor for/discourage negative self-talk, positive language, supportive/accepting but don’t invade space, role model, refer to self help groups

Question 9

What does sexual identity entail?

Answer 9

Person’s perception of his or her gender, gender identity, gender role, and sexual orientation. Part of a person’s overall self-concept.

Question 10

What do young adults deal with with as far as sexuality?

Answer 10

Defining their sexual identity, resolving sexual orientation, developing intimate relationships. Most practice monogamy. Still need info on birth control, STDs, relationship/communication issues.

Question 11

What do middle adults deal with as far as sexuality?

Answer 11

Experiencing life changes. Menopause, physiological and psychological changes. Erectile difficulty.

Question 12

What do older adults deal with as far as sexuality?

Answer 12

Sexual intercourse continues, may take more time. May use alternate forms of sexual stimulation and expression. Decreased activity due to loss of health, loss of partner, lack of privacy, discomfort. Dealing with death of a spouse.

Question 13

What factors affect sexuality?

Answer 13

Religion, lifestyle, sexual knowledge, physical illness, psychiatric disorders, medications/other drugs.

Question 14

What are examples of alterations in sexual health?

Answer 14

STDs. infertility, sexual abuse, personal and emotional conflicts, sexual dysfunction

Question 15

When asking for a sexual history, how should you behave?

Answer 15

Provide privacy, talk to the client alone. Be relaxed in your approach. Allow the client time to answer questions. Make eye contact. Be aware of verbal and nonverbal cues form the client. Provide reassurance and use therapeutic communication.

Question 16

What are nursing problems associated with sexuality?

Answer 16

Anxiety, ineffective coping, interrupted family process, deficiency in knowledge, sexual dysfunction, ineffective sexuality pattern, social isolation

Question 17

What are some examples of nursing interventions that have to do with sexuality?

Answer 17

Asses what the client already knows. Establish rapport and trust. Discuss STD prevention with all clients. Discuss contraception with all clients. Discuss common myths and misconceptions.

Question 18

What is the PLISSIT model?

Answer 18

P: Permission (client feels comfortable in expressing concerns and questions)
LI: Limited info (provide teaching)
SS: Specific suggestions
IT: Intensive therapy (refer to someone more experienced in sexual health matters)

Question 19

What do you do when a client is sexually inappropriate?

Answer 19

Immediately tell them they’re inappropriate. Express clear statements. Let the client know what you expect. Refocus the attention to care. If behavior persists, report to your instructor or the nurse assigned to the client.

Question 20

What is culturally congruent care?

Answer 20

Care that fits a person’s life patterns, values, and systems of meaning.

Question 21

What are signs of ineffective communication?

Answer 21

Changing the subject, no questions, inappropriate laughter, non-verbal cues

Question 22

Cultural characteristics?

Answer 22

Information disclosure, space, distance, eye contact, time, touch, observance of holidays, biologic variations, diets

Question 23

What are some different views of illness?

Answer 23

Biomedical or scientific
Naturalistic or holistic
Magico-religious

Question 24

A “map” that outlines essential beliefs, values, and codes of conduct into a manner of living.

Answer 24

Religion

Question 25

A “journey” that takes place over time and involves accumulation of life experiences and understanding.

Answer 25

Spirituality

An attempt to find meaning, value, and purpose in life.

Question 26

What are spiritual effects on health?

Answer 26

Live longer, positive effect on health outcomes, positive effects on specific disorders. How and why this happens is unknown.

Question 27

What are examples of barriers to spiritual care?

Answer 27

Economic constraints, low staffing, high tech care which focuses on the physical. Lack of awareness of spirituality in general, differences between the nurse and the client, fear that your knowledge base is insufficient, fear where spiritual discussion may lead.

Question 28

What are sources of information about a client’s spirituality?

Answer 28

Client is the primary source of information. Family interviews, client environment, client questions, nonverbal communication. Part of an admission assessment.

Question 29

What are some causes of spiritual distress?

Answer 29

Illness (acute, chronic, terminal), loss/grief, major life change, near death experience.

Question 30

What are distress responses related to spirituality?

Answer 30

Doubt, loss of faith, feeling of being alone/abandoned, questioning life’s purpose

Question 31

What are nursing interventions for religion and spirituality?

Answer 31

Individualized to client’s needs. Adopt a supportive approach, be present with the client and family, encourage expression of feelings, maximize comfort and reduce pain, referrals to chaplains or other services, collaborate with dietary dept, respect the patient’s dress.