PSYCHOSOCIAL FINALS Flashcards
The sensory process involves two components
reception and perception
the process of receiving stimuli or data.
Sensory reception
what stimuli can be both internal and external
Gustatory stimuli
refers to awareness of the position and movement of body parts.
Kinesthetic
the ability to perceive and understand an object through touch by its size, shape, and texture.
stereognosis
involves the conscious
organization and translation of the data or stimuli into meaningful information
Sensory perception
four aspects
of the sensory process
Stimulus
Receptor
Impulse conduction
Perception
an agent or act that stimulates a nerve receptor.
Stimulus
A nerve cell converting the stimulus to a nerve impulse
Receptor
travels along nerve pathways either to the spinal cord or directly to the brain
Impulse conduction
this is the awareness and interpretation of stimuli and takes place in the brain, where specialized brain cells interpret the nature and quality of the sensory stimuli
Perception
For the person to receive and interpret stimuli, the brain must be alert, also referred to as
arousal
is responsible for arousal and wakefulness.
reticular excitatory area (REA)
the term used to describe the state in which a person is in optimal arousal.
Sensoristasis
the ability to perceive internal and external stimuli, and to respond appropriately through thought and action
Awareness
occurs when a person is unable to process or manage the amount or intensity of sensory stimuli.
Sensory Overload
is impaired reception, perception, or both, of
one or more of the senses. Blindness and deafness are examples
Sensory Deficits
is critical to any evaluation of the sensory-perceptual
process.
Mental status
inability to remember or recall bits of infor
mation or behavior skills
Impaired Memory:
Appropriate nursing activities for sensory functioning
Cognitive Stimulation
Communication: Enhancement: Hearing
Enhancement: Speech
Enhancement: Visual
- Nutrition Management
- Environmental Management:
Safety - Fall Prevention
Preventing Sensory Overload include
Dark glasses with UV protection
Earplugs reduce auditory stimuli,
keeping the dressing dry and clean
Preventing Sensory Deprivation interventions
newspapers, books, music, and television can stimulate the visual and
auditory senses
acute confusion
delirium
chronic confusion
dementia
one’s mental image of oneself.
Self-concept
four dimensions of self-concept:
Self-knowledge
Self-expectation
Social self
Social evaluation:
refers to the relationship between one’s perception of himself or herself and others’ perceptions of him or her.
Self-awareness
refers to the collective beliefs and images one
holds about oneself.
global self
how a person perceives
the size, appearance, and functioning of the body and its parts
body image
the individual’s perception of how one should behave based on certain personal standards, aspirations, goals, and values.
ideal self
four components of self-concept are
personal identity,
body image,
role performance
self-esteem
the conscious sense of individuality and unique
ness that is continually evolving throughout life
Personal identity
are made to feel unsuited to a role.
role strain
arise from opposing or incompatible expectations.
Role conflicts
one’s judgment of one’s own worth, that is, how that person’s standards and performances compare to others’
Self-esteem
how a person in a particular role behaves in comparison to the behaviors expected of that role
Role performance
means that the person’s behaviors meet role expectations.
Role mastery
involves socialization into a particular role.
Role development
occurs when expectations are unclear, and people
do not know what to do or how to do it
Role ambiguity
When assessing self-concept, the information the nurse first needs is about the
client’s personal identity
questions to determine a client’s self-esteem
- Are you satisfied with your life?
- How do you feel about yourself?
- Are you accomplishing what you want?
- What goals in life are important to you
Three of the NANDA nursing diagnostic labels relating
specifically to SELF CONCEPT
Disturbed Body Image
Ineffective Role Performance
Chronic Low Self-Esteem (and Risk for)
Nursing interventions to promote or enhance a positive self-concept
include
Identifying Areas of Strength
is one’s self-image as a female or male.
Gender identity
the outward expression of a person’s sense of maleness or femaleness as well as the expression of what is
perceived as gender-appropriate behavior
Gender-role behavior
the belief that most
characteristics and behaviors are human qualities that should not be limited to one gender
Androgyny
One’s attraction to people of the same sex, other sex, or both sexes is referred to as
sexual orientation
The response cycle starts in the brain, with conscious sexual desires called the
desire phase
the thought of sexual activity, which then leads to a phobic avoidance of sex.
Sexual aversion disorder
pain during or
immediately after intercourse.
dyspareunia
Nurses require six basic skills to help clients in the area of sexuality
- Self-knowledge and comfort with sexuality
- Acceptance of sexuality
- Knowledge of sexual growth
- Knowledge of basic sexuality
- Therapeutic communication skills
- Ability to recognize the need for all clients and family members to
have the topic of sexuality
refer to the human tendency to seek meaning and purpose in life, inner peace and acceptance
spirituality
applied to ritualistic practices and organized beliefs
religion
a person who doubts the existence of God
agnostic
one without
belief in a deity
atheist
“a disturbance in the belief or value system that provides strength,
Spiritual distress
refers to the spiritual beliefs or ways of thinking that help people cope with their challenges.
religious coping,
act of focusing one’s thoughts or engaging in
self-reflection or contemplation.
Meditation
acronym to ask ab spirituality
FICA
meaning of FICA
Faith
Implications
Community
Address
term describing the art of being present, or just being with a client during an “existential moment”
Presencing
a condition in which an individual experiences changes in the normal balanced state
Stress
any event or stimulus that
causes an individual to experience stress
stressor
Sources of Stress
Internal stressors
External stressors
Developmental stressors
Situational stressors
Three
main models of stress
stimulus based,
response based,
transaction based
a stimulus, a life event, or a set of circumstances that arouses physiological and/or psychological reactions
stimulus-based stress models
a chain or pattern of
physiological events
general adaptation syndrome
(GAS) or stress syndrome.
The initial reaction of the body is the
alarm reaction,
third stage,_____, the adaptation
that the body made during the second stage cannot be maintained.
the stage of exhaustion
second stage in the GAS and LAS syndromes
stage of
resistance
a state of mental uneasiness, apprehension, dread, or a feeling of helplessness
anxiety
an emotion or feeling of apprehension aroused by impending or seeming danger, pain, or another perceived threat.
Fear
unconscious psychological adaptive mechanisms or,
that develop as the personality attempts to defend itself,
Ego defense mechanisms
arrangement or manipulation of a situation so
threatening events do not occur
Structuring
may be described as dealing with change
COPING
an acute, time-limited state of disequilibrium resulting from
situational, developmental, or societal sources of stress
crisis
a short-term helping process of assisting clients to (a) work through a crisis to its resolution and
(b) restore their precrisis level of functioning
Crisis intervention
is experienced
by one person but cannot be verified by others.
perceived loss
is experienced before the loss actually occurs
anticipatory loss
total response to the emotional experience related to loss
Grief
the subjective response experienced by the surviving loved ones
Bereavement
is the behavioral process through which grief is eventually resolved or
altered
Mourning
Stages of Grieving
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
the client is not made aware of impending death
closed awareness,
the client, family, and health care personnel do not talk about it
and make an effort not to raise the subject
mutual pretense
