Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FUNDA > PHYSIOLOGICAL > Flashcards

PHYSIOLOGICAL Flashcards

1
Q

refer to the process of emptying the urinary bladder

A

Micturition, voiding, and urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when does an adult feel urinating what amount?

A

250 and 450 mL of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Urine output for infants

A

250 to 500 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

elimination system reaches maturity during this period.

A

SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

excessive fluid intake, a
condition known as

A

polydipsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

low urine output, usually less than 500 mL a day or 30 mL an hour for an adult.

A

Oliguria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

refers to a lack of
urine production.

A

Anuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a technique by which fluids and molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane according to the rules of osmosis.

A

dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is voiding at frequent intervals, that is, more
than four to six times per day

A

Urinary frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is voiding two or more times at night.

A

Nocturia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is the sudden, strong desire to void.

A

Urgency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

involuntary urination in children beyond the age when voluntary bladder control is normally acquired

A

Enuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

involuntary leakage of urine or loss of bladder control, is a health symptom, not a disease

A

Urinary incontinence (UI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Urine outputs below ____may indicate low blood volume or
kidney malfunction and must be reported.

A

30 mL/h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in measuring fluid output how much time interval should u calculate and document

A

end of 24 h on the client’s chart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

steps in measuring urine

A
  • Apply clean gloves.
  • Take the container to bedside.
  • Place the container under the urine collection bag
  • Open the spout and permit the urine
  • Close the spout,
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is measured to assess the amount of retained urine after voiding and determine the need for interventions

A

Postvoid residual (PVR)

(urine remaining in the bladder following voiding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the end product of protein metabolism, is measured as

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a test uses 24-hour urine and serum creatinine levels to determine the glomerular filtration rate

A

creatinine clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

dysfunction in urine elimination (nanda label):

A

Impaired Urinary Elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

interventions in Maintaining Normal Urinary Elimination

A

promoting adequate fluid intake

maintaining normal voiding habits,

assisting with toileting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

requires that the client postpone voiding, resist or inhibit the sensation of urgency, and void according to a timetable

A

Bladder retraining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

drug to stimulate bladder contraction and facilitate voiding.

A

bethanechol chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

manual pressure on the bladder to promote bladder emptying. This
is known as

A

Credé’s maneuver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The client with a retention catheter should drink up to

A

3,000 mL/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Routine changing of catheter and tubing is not recommended (t/f)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

a flushing or washing-out with a specified solution.

A

irrigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is done when the bladder is left intact but voiding through the urethra is not possible

A

vesicostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the expulsion of feces from the anus and rectum.

A

Defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Healthy fecal elimination usually requires a daily fluid intake of

A

2,000 to 3,000 mL

31
Q

are medications that stimulate bowel activity and so assist fecal elimina
tion.

A

Laxatives

32
Q

a mass or collection of hardened feces in the
folds of the rectum.

A

Fecal impaction

33
Q

diagnostic labels for fecal elimination problems

A
  • Bowel Incontinence
  • Constipation
  • Risk for Constipation
  • Perceived Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Dysfunctional Gastrointestinal Motility
34
Q

interventions For Constipation

A

Increase daily fluid intake,

instruct the client
to drink hot liquids,

warm water with a squirt of fresh lemon,

fruit juices, especially prune juice

35
Q

interventions for diarrhea

A

Encourage oral intake of fluids and bland food.

Eating small amounts

36
Q

clients with flatuelence (intervention)

A

Limit carbonated beverages,

the use of drinking
straws, and chewing gum

37
Q

is often used for the adult
client who can get out of bed but is unable to walk to the bathroom

A

commode

38
Q

e drugs that induce defecation

A

Cathartics

39
Q

herbal oils known to act as
agents that help expel gas from the stomach and intestines

A

Carminatives

40
Q

A test to measure lung volume and capacity

A

Pulmonary function tests

41
Q

diagnostic labels for clients with oxygenation problems:

A

Ineffective Airway Clearance: inability to clear secretions or obstructions

Impaired Gas Exchange : inspiration and/or expiration that does not provide adequate ventilation.

Activity Intolerance: insufficient physiological or psychological
energy to endure or complete required or desired daily activities.

42
Q

nursing interventions to facilitate pulmonary ventilation

A

ensuring a patent airway, positioning, encouraging deep breathing and coughing, and ensuring adequate hydration.

, lung inflation techniques, administration of analgesics before deep breathing and coughing, postural drainage, and percussion and vibration

43
Q

When coughing raises secretions high enough, the client may either

A

expectorate

44
Q

are devices that add water vapor to inspired air.
Room humidifiers provide cool mist to room air

A

Humidifiers

45
Q

are used to deliver humidity and medications

A

Nebulizers

46
Q

is forceful striking of the skin with cupped hands

A

clapping

47
Q

can mechanically dislodge tenacious secretions
from the bronchial walls

A

Percussion

48
Q

To percuss a client’s chest, follow these steps:

A
  • Cover the area to reduce discomfort.
  • Ask the client to breathe slowly and deeply to promote relaxation.
  • Alternately flex and extend the wrists rapidly to slap the chest
  • Percuss each affected lung segment for 1 to 2 minutes
49
Q

is the drainage by gravity of secretions from various lung segments

A

Postural drainage

50
Q

is used for clients with excessive secretions such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, and bronchiectasis

A

mucus clearance device (MCD

51
Q

can replace oxygen masks when masks are poorly tolerated by clients.

A

Face Tent

52
Q

is placed through a surgically created tract
in the lower neck directly into the trachea.

A

Transtracheal Catheter

53
Q

delivery of air or oxygen under pressure without the need for an invasive tubes

A

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV

54
Q

are inserted to maintain a patent air passage for
clients whose airways have become or may become obstructed.

A

Artificial Airways

55
Q

s are used to keep the up
per air passages open when secretions or the tongue may obstruct them

A

Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways

56
Q

are most commonly inserted in clients who have had general anesthetics or for those in emergency situations where mechanical ventilation is required

A

Endotracheal Tubes

57
Q

is the aspiration of secretions through a catheter connected to a suction machine or wall suction outlet

A

Suctioning

58
Q

x is the accumulation of blood
in the pleural space

A

hemothorax

59
Q

a recording of the heart’s electrical activity.

A

Cardiac monitoring

60
Q

diagnostic labels for clients with circulation problems

A
  • Decreased Cardiac Output: inadequate blood pumped by the
    heart to meet metabolic (demands) of the body
  • Risk for Peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction: vulnerable to dis
    ruption in the circulation, sensation, and motion of an extremity,
    which may compromise health
  • Activity Intolerance: insufficient physiological or psychological
    energy to endure or complete required or desired daily activities.
61
Q

When planning care the nurse identifies nursing interventions that
will assist the client to achieve these broad goals:

A

Maintain or improve tissue perfusion.

Maintain or restore an adequate cardiac output

62
Q

NIC interventions related to decreased
cardiac output and tissue perfusion include the following:

A
  • Circulatory Care: Arterial Insufficiency
  • Cardiac Care
  • Hemodynamic Regulation.
63
Q

This is particularly important for clients with venous

provide frequent position changes

Encourage leg exercises

Avoid pillows under the knees or more than 15 degrees of knee

A

Vascular

64
Q

Position the client in a high-Fowler’s position to decrease preload
and reduce pulmonary congestion.
* Monitor intake and output. Fluid restriction is usually not re
quired for clients with mild to moderate cardiac dysfunction.
With severe heart failure, a fluid restriction may be ordered

A

Cardiac

65
Q

a combination of oral resuscitation (mouth-to-mouth breathing which supplies oxygen to the lungs, and external cardiac massage , which is cardiac function and blood circulation

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

66
Q

a sodium deficit

A

Hyponatremia

67
Q

The unit used to measure I&O is

A

milliliter (mL)

68
Q

fluids need to be recorded:

A

Oral fluids-

Vomitus and liquid feces - amount and type of fluid and the time need to be specified

Tube drainage -gastric or intestinal drainage.

Wound and fistula drainage-

69
Q

are performed to evaluate a client’s acid–base balance and oxygenation.

A

Arterial blood gases (ABGs)

70
Q

s a measure of the solute concentration of blood.

A

Osmolality

71
Q

are often prescribed for
clients with actual or potential fluid volume deficits arising,

A

Increased fluids (ordered as “push fluids”)

72
Q

are used to increase the blood volume fol
lowing severe loss of blood

A

Volume expanders

73
Q

These catheters frequently are used for long-term
IV access when the client will be managing IV therapy at home.

A

peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC)

FUNDA (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions