Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry > Psychosis - Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Psychosis - Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What are symptoms of first rank?

A

Symptoms which are indicative of schizophrenia in the absence of other pathology or organic impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are first rank symptoms pathognomonic?

A

No, because they can be present in other psychoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main 4 first rank symptoms?

A

Hallucinations, delusions, thought interference, passivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of delusions are usually seen in schizophrenia?

A

Primary delusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some questions worth asking about auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia?

A

“Do you hear voices when there is no-one else around?” (- this is because hallucinations in schizo seem to come from outside the head like a normal voice) and “are the hallucinations your own thoughts?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the hallucinations which occur in schizophrenia?

A

Auditory: 2nd or 3rd person or commentating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some symptoms that are unlikely to occur in schizophrenia and so might be helpful in excluding it as a diagnosis?

A

Altered consciousness, disorientation and disturbances of memory as well as visual hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The first time someone presents with an episode that meets the ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia, this is diagnosed as what? Why?

A

Acute psychotic episode - because a diagnosis of schizophrenia is fairly life-altering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the ICD criteria for schizophrenia?

A

At least one thing from criteria 1, or 2 things from criteria 2 present for most of the time for at least 1 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Essentially, what are the criteria (1) in the ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia?

A

Delusions, auditory hallucinations and thought interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Essentially, what are the criteria (2) in the ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia?

A

Hallucinations in any modality when occurring every day for a month, disorganised speech, catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some examples of catatonic behaviour in ICD-10 criteria?

A

Excitement, posturing/waxy flexibility, negativism, mutism, stupor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is catatonia?

A

A state of psycho-motor immobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is posturing/waxy flexibility?

A

Being nearly completely unresponsive to stimuli and immobile for long periods of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some examples of negative symptoms in ICD-10 criteria?

A

Marked apathy, paucity of speech, blunting/incongruity of emotional responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common subtype of schizophrenia?

A

Paranoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe paranoid schizophrenia?

A

The typical picture of schizophrenia, first rank symptoms predominate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe hebephrenic schizophrenia?

A

Younger onset, emotionally immature, disorganised, do silly things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe catatonic schizophrenia?

A

Movement disorder predominates

20
Q

What are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Delusions, hallucinations, passivity, disorders of the form of thought, thought interference

21
Q

What are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Reduced speech, reduced motivation, reduced interest/pleasure, reduced social interaction, blunting of affect

22
Q

What is the onset of a) positive schizophrenia? b) negative schizophrenia?

A

a) acute onset b) slow, insidious onset

23
Q

Describe the brain structure in a) positive schizophrenia? b) negative schizophrenia?

A

a) normal brain structure b) underlying brain structural abnormality

24
Q

Positive schizophrenia is a biochemical disorder involving what?

A

Dopamine transmission

25
Q

Describe the response to anti-psychotic treatment in a) positive schizophrenia? b) negative schizophrenia?

A

a) good response to anti-psychotics and better outcomes b) poor response to anti-psychotics, may actually make symptoms worse

26
Q

What characterises chronic schizophrenia?

A

Long duration and negative symptoms

27
Q

What is schizoaffective psychosis?

A

A clinical presentation in which clear cut affective and schizophrenic symptoms occur in the same episode

28
Q

What is the lifetime risk of schizophrenia? Which gender is it more common in?

A

1% lifetime risk, slightly more common in males

29
Q

What is the peak age of onset of schizophrenia in a) men? b) women?

A

a) 15-25 b) 25-35

30
Q

What is the relationship between schizophrenia and socioeconomic status?

A

Schizophrenia is more common in people of a lower socioeconomic status

31
Q

What is the risk of schizophrenia if the following family members are affected a) monozygotic twin? b) both parents? c) one parent?

A

a) 40-60% b) 50% c) 15%

32
Q

There is a higher rate of schizophrenia in which ethnic group in the UK?

A

Afro-Caribbean

33
Q

‘The proportion of observable differences in a trait between individuals in a population that is due to genetic differences’ is known as what? What % of this is seen in schizophrenia?

A

Heritability - 78% in schizophrenia

34
Q

What are the three main risk factors for the development of schizophrenia?

A

Birth complications, winter/spring birth, drug use

35
Q

What drug is the most likely to cause schizophrenia? What are some others that may increase risk?

A

Cannabis / amphetamines, ivory wave and cocaine

36
Q

As well as being a risk factor for its development, what else is important to note about cannabis in schizophrenia?

A

Very common for people diagnosed with schizophrenia to use this, though it exacerbates paranoia and can make hallucinations more troublesome

37
Q

What happens if people with schizophrenia take amphetamines/cocaine?

A

Can make them very unwell and will worsen symptoms to the point that it can take weeks to recover

38
Q

Apart from the main three, what are some other factors which increase the risk of development of schizophrenia?

A

Urban dwelling, childhood viral CNS infection, social deprivation

39
Q

What neurodevelopmental changes might predispose to schizophrenia development?

A

Enlarged ventricles, thinner cortices

40
Q

What neurochemical change may predispose to schizophrenia development?

A

Altered dopamine signalling

41
Q

What are some pre-morbid features of schizophrenia?

A

Subtle motor, cognitive and social deficits in childhood that become greater as time goes on

42
Q

Describe the prodromal period of schizophrenia?

A

Gradual onset of non-specific symptoms like odd ideas and experiences, eccentricity, altered affect, odd behaviours

43
Q

What are some good prognostic indicators for schizophrenia?

A

Older age of onset, female sex, marked mood disturbance (especially elation), family history of mood disorders

44
Q

What are some bad prognostic indicators for schizophrenia?

A

Poor pre-morbid adjustment, insidious onset, early onset, long duration of untreated psychosis, cognitive impairment, enlarged ventricles, negative symptoms

45
Q

What % of people with schizophrenia complete suicide? When is this most likely to occur?

A

10-15% / once they regain insight, i.e. the first week following discharge from hospital

46
Q

What is the relationship between schizophrenia and homicide? What are some features to look out for that may increase the risk of homicide in someone with schizophrenia?

A

Homicide by people with schizophrenia is rare / command hallucinations and delusions of jealousy

Psychiatry (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions