Other Stuff Flashcards
How is Huntington’s inherited? If your patient has this, what is the chance that their child will have it?
Autosomal dominant / 50%
Huntington’s disease displays genetic anticipation, what does this mean?
Each generation will develop it at an earlier age
In Huntington’s disease, where in the brain do problems start? This can cause problems with what?
Frontal lobe / planning and initiation of tasks
The Huntingtin gene is found on which chromosome?
4
What genetic change occurs to cause Huntington’s?
CAG triplet repeats code for glutamine - too much glutamine causes the protein to be misshapen
How many CAG trinucleotide repeats mean that a person will definitely develop Huntington’s? How many mean that the person may or may not develop the disease?
> 38 / 32-38
What is the significance of the number of CAG repeats in Huntington’s?
The more repeats, the younger the age of onset
The number of CAG repeats on the huntingtin gene gets longer when passed on by who?
Males, not females
What is the lifetime risk of Alzheimer’s dementia? What is the risk if a 1st degree relative is affected?
10% / 25%
How are both Alzheimer’s disease and bipolar disorder inherited?
Multifactorially
What is the concordance rate of bipolar disorder in monozygotic twins?
57%
What is the usefulness of if a patient has a Fx of bipolar disorder and they have been diagnosed?
If one family member responds to treatment, it is likely that others will too
There is a reluctance to diagnose schizophrenia in who? Why is there an increased risk in young people?
Children / cannabis use and an increase in drug induced psychosis
What is the average onset of bipolar I?
25 years
Personality disorders are only diagnosed after what age? Though the peak frequency of symptoms and first access to services is typically around what age?
18/14
Give two examples of disruptive/behavioural disorders and who they are seen in?
Oppositional defiant disorder in under 12s, conduct disorder in over 12s
Early conduct disorders are one of the most robust predictors of what?
Serious antisocial behaviours, criminality and substance misuse later in life
Separation anxiety is normal when?
From 7 months through the preschool years
What is meant by somatisation?
Multiple physical symptoms are present for at least 2 years
What is meant by hypochondrial disorder?
The patient believes in the presence of an underlying serious disease
Conversion disorder typically involves what?
Loss of motor or sensory function
What is dissociative disorder? What type of features are present?
The process of ‘separating off’ certain memories from normal consciousness / psychiatric features are present
What is a factitious disorder?
The intentional production of physical or psychiatric symptoms
What is malingering?
Fraudulent simulation or exaggeration of symptoms with the intention of financial or other gain
What is meant by the term dissociation?
Detachment from reality
What is meant by the term derealisation?
A feeling that you are disconnected from the world around you
What is meant by the term depersonalisation?
A feeling that your body doesn’t belong to you
What is a predictor of a good outcome in functional disease?
Patient believes that things are amenable to change
What are some predictors of a bad outcome in functional disease?
Hopelessness, despair
What are some risk factors for functional disorders?
Childhood abuse and affective disorders
What is the main treatment of functional disorders?
Treat any underlying psychiatric disorder, CBT
What is a medication that can be useful in the treatment of functional disorders?
Tricyclics
