Other Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

How is Huntington’s inherited? If your patient has this, what is the chance that their child will have it?

A

Autosomal dominant / 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Huntington’s disease displays genetic anticipation, what does this mean?

A

Each generation will develop it at an earlier age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In Huntington’s disease, where in the brain do problems start? This can cause problems with what?

A

Frontal lobe / planning and initiation of tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Huntingtin gene is found on which chromosome?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What genetic change occurs to cause Huntington’s?

A

CAG triplet repeats code for glutamine - too much glutamine causes the protein to be misshapen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many CAG trinucleotide repeats mean that a person will definitely develop Huntington’s? How many mean that the person may or may not develop the disease?

A

> 38 / 32-38

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the significance of the number of CAG repeats in Huntington’s?

A

The more repeats, the younger the age of onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The number of CAG repeats on the huntingtin gene gets longer when passed on by who?

A

Males, not females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the lifetime risk of Alzheimer’s dementia? What is the risk if a 1st degree relative is affected?

A

10% / 25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are both Alzheimer’s disease and bipolar disorder inherited?

A

Multifactorially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the concordance rate of bipolar disorder in monozygotic twins?

A

57%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the usefulness of if a patient has a Fx of bipolar disorder and they have been diagnosed?

A

If one family member responds to treatment, it is likely that others will too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

There is a reluctance to diagnose schizophrenia in who? Why is there an increased risk in young people?

A

Children / cannabis use and an increase in drug induced psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the average onset of bipolar I?

A

25 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Personality disorders are only diagnosed after what age? Though the peak frequency of symptoms and first access to services is typically around what age?

A

18/14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give two examples of disruptive/behavioural disorders and who they are seen in?

A

Oppositional defiant disorder in under 12s, conduct disorder in over 12s

17
Q

Early conduct disorders are one of the most robust predictors of what?

A

Serious antisocial behaviours, criminality and substance misuse later in life

18
Q

Separation anxiety is normal when?

A

From 7 months through the preschool years

19
Q

What is meant by somatisation?

A

Multiple physical symptoms are present for at least 2 years

20
Q

What is meant by hypochondrial disorder?

A

The patient believes in the presence of an underlying serious disease

21
Q

Conversion disorder typically involves what?

A

Loss of motor or sensory function

22
Q

What is dissociative disorder? What type of features are present?

A

The process of ‘separating off’ certain memories from normal consciousness / psychiatric features are present

23
Q

What is a factitious disorder?

A

The intentional production of physical or psychiatric symptoms

24
Q

What is malingering?

A

Fraudulent simulation or exaggeration of symptoms with the intention of financial or other gain

25
Q

What is meant by the term dissociation?

A

Detachment from reality

26
Q

What is meant by the term derealisation?

A

A feeling that you are disconnected from the world around you

27
Q

What is meant by the term depersonalisation?

A

A feeling that your body doesn’t belong to you

28
Q

What is a predictor of a good outcome in functional disease?

A

Patient believes that things are amenable to change

29
Q

What are some predictors of a bad outcome in functional disease?

A

Hopelessness, despair

30
Q

What are some risk factors for functional disorders?

A

Childhood abuse and affective disorders

31
Q

What is the main treatment of functional disorders?

A

Treat any underlying psychiatric disorder, CBT

32
Q

What is a medication that can be useful in the treatment of functional disorders?

A

Tricyclics