Psychosis and Schizophrenia

Question 1

do MSE deck for definitions

Answer 1

some also in this deck

Question 2

what are ideas of reference

Answer 2

innocuous or coincidental events will be ascribed significant meaning by the person

Question 3

what are self referential experiences

Answer 3

the belief that external events are related to oneself - can be anything from the feeling that others are laughing at you to self referential delusions/delusion of reference e.g. the tv is transmitting messages to me or i am the second coming of christ

Question 4

what is a secondary delusion

Answer 4

attempt to explain anomalous experience e.g. thought insertion explained by they are being transmitted to me by the mafia

Question 5

what is poverty of speech

Answer 5

not being able to muster anything to say

Question 6

what is a functional hallucination

Answer 6

only occurs in response to a specific que e.g. noise

Question 7

psychosis is

Answer 7

inability to cope with or recognise reality
characterised by lack of insight
commonly see hallucinations, delusions, disorder of thought, ideas of reference

Question 8

3rd person auditory hallucinations suggest

Answer 8

schizophrenia

Question 9

tactile hallucinations suggest

Answer 9

delirium

alcohol withdrawal

Question 10

what drugs can induce psychosis

Answer 10

amphetamine
levodopa
steroids
antimalarials
anticonvulsants

Question 11

depressive psychosis or mania with psychosis is typified by _____ _____ content of psychotic symptoms

Answer 11

mood congruent

Question 12

you would most commonly see what delusions in depressive psychosis

Answer 12

delusions of worthlessness/guilt/poverty/nihilism/poverty/hypochondriasis

Question 13

you would most commonly see what hallucinations in depressive psychosis

Answer 13

derogatory 2nd person hallucinations - accusing/insulting/threatening

Question 14

you would most commonly see what delusions in mania with psychosis

Answer 14

grandieur/persecution/religion

Question 15

what hallucinations would you see in mania with psychosis

Answer 15

2nd person e.g. gods voice

Question 16

what psychotic features are seen in delirium

Answer 16

visual hallucinations/illusions
threatening auditory hallucinations
persecutory delusions

Question 17

what causes Schizophrenia

Answer 17

genetically determined neurodevelopmental vulnerability later triggered by environmental stressors

Question 18

what is the ICD10 criteria for schizophrenia

Answer 18

symptoms present most of the time for at least a month
1 of:
- 3rd person auditory hallucination
- delusion of control/influence/passivity
- thought disorder
- persistent delusions that are culturally inappropriate and completely impossible

or 2 of:

• persistent hallucinations in any modality
• neologisms, breaks or interpolations leading to incoherent irrelevant speech
• catatonic behaviour
• negative symptoms

Question 19

what is catatonic behaviour

Answer 19

abnormal movements caused by disturbed mental state

- excited, negativism, mutism, stupor, posturing or waxy flexibility

Question 20

do schizophrenics have insight

Answer 20

no

Question 21

what are 1st rank symptoms

Answer 21

suggestive of schizophrenia in absence of drug use or organic impairment but arent pathognomic

Question 22

what are the 1st rank symptoms

Answer 22

(the 1 ofs)
delusion
delusional perception
3rd person auditory hallucinations or audible thoughts
thought disorder
passivity of experience

Question 23

what are some negative symptoms

Answer 23

reduced amount of speech
reduced drive/motivation
reduced interest/pleasure
reduced social interaction
blunted/incongruent affect

Question 24

what is the most common type of schizophrenia

Answer 24

paranoid

Question 25

what symptoms are predominant in paranoid schizophrenia

Answer 25

1st rank symptoms

Question 26

what are 2 other types of schizophrenia

Answer 26

catatonic

hebephrenic

Question 27

what is catatonic schizophrenia

Answer 27

movement disorder predominates

Question 28

what is hebephrenic schizophrenia

Answer 28

disorganised - odd delusions and behaviours, thought disorders

Question 29

what is mutism

Answer 29

inability to speak

Question 30

what is negativism

Answer 30

resistance to command/attempts to be moved

Question 31

what is command automatism

Answer 31

will do whatever you ask them to do

Question 32

what is schizoaffective disorder

Answer 32

bridge between BPD and schizophrenia

- psychosis and mood symptoms present in equal measure

Question 33

schizophrenia is more common in females/males

Answer 33

males

Question 34

wha tis the peak onset of schizophrenia in females

Answer 34

25-35

Question 35

what is the peak onset of schizophrenia in males

Answer 35

15-25

Question 36

true/false

schizophrenia is more common in low socio-economic classes

Answer 36

true

Question 37

what are some things that increase risk of schizophrenia

Answer 37

FAMILY HISTORY
cannabis 
prenatal exposure to infection/stress
birth complications
urban dwelling

Question 38

what mutation carries a higher risk of schizophrenia

Answer 38

22q11

Question 39

true/false

schizophrenia is more common in caucasians in UK

Answer 39

false

more common in afro-carribean in UK

Question 40

what would a typical pre-morbid history of schizophrenia look like

Answer 40

subtle motor, cognitive and social deficits in childhood that increase as time goes on

Question 41

in schizophrenia there is ____ enlargement, decrease in __________
lack of ____

Answer 41

ventricular
grey matter volume and amount of healthy white matter
lack of gliosis

Question 42

what are some good prognostic indictors

Answer 42

older age of onset
female
family history of mood disorder
marked mood disturbance particularly elation

Question 43

when is suicide risk highest in schizophrenia

Answer 43

week of discharge from hospital

Question 44

What are some poor prognostic indicators

Answer 44

younger age of onset 
insidious onset
hebephrenic subtype
long duration of untreated schizophrenia
social isolation
cognition impairment