Personality Disorders Flashcards
what is a personality
a cluster of relatively predictable patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that is generally consistent across time, space and context
what is the 5 factor model of personality
OCEAN
- openness
- conscientiousness
- extraversion
- agreeableness
- neuroticism
according to ICD-10 what is a personality disorder
individuals characteristics and enduring patterns of inner experiences and behaviour deviate markedly as a whole from the culturally accepted and expected range
in what 4 ways can personality disorder manifest (will manifest in more than 1)
cognition
affectivity
impulse control
interpersonal functioning
what is cognition
the way one perceives and interprets things and forms attitudes and images of self and others
what is affectivity
range, intensity and appropriateness of emotional arousal and response
it is only a disorder and not a trait if it is
pervasive
causes distress
causes impairment of functioning in most areas
__% of the population have a PD
10
1 in __ of psychiatric inpatients / outpatients have a PD
inpatients - 1/2
outpatients - 1/3
what is Cluster A according to ICD-10
MAD - odd and eccentric
- schizoid
- paranoid
(- schizotypal DSM V)
what is Cluster B according to ICD-10
BAD - emotional and dramatic - dissocial - EUPD (borderline and impulsive) - histrionic (narcissistic - DSM V)
what is Cluster C according to ICD-10
SAD - anxious and avoidant
- anxious
- dependent
- anankastic
Paranoid PD is part of what cluster
A
describe paranoid PD
4 of:
- tendency to bear grudges
- self importance
- conspiracy theories
- suspicious / miscontrues actions of others
- suspicious of partner without reason
- sensitive to set backs
- personal rights
Schizoid PD is part of what cluster
A
describe schizoid PD
4 of:
- few if any activities give them pleasure
- emotional coldness/detachment/flattened affectivity
- limited ability to express warm feelings to others, or anger
- almost always chooses solitary activity
- preoccupation with fantasy/introspection
- neither has nor desires any close relations (may have 1)
- disregard for prevailing social norms
- no desire to have sexual relations with another person
- indifferent to praise or criticism of others
what is the 3rd PD that DSM V includes in cluster A but ICD-10 doesn’t
schizotypal
who is an example of a schizotypal PD
willy wonka
describe a schizotypal PD
5 of:
- odd beliefs or magical thinking
- odd speech and thinking
- lack of close friends
- eccentric/strange/peculiar behaviour or appearance
- social anxiety
- inappropriate or constricted affect
- ideas of reference (not delusions)
- unusual perceptual experiences
- suspicious or paranoid ideation
is dissocial PD the same as psychopathy
no
what is psychopathy
set of deficits in emotional and cognitive functioning
60-80% of male prisoners will have ____ but only 15% _____
DPD
only 15% will be psychopaths
what cluster is dissocial/antisocial PD in
cluster B - BAD
describe dissocial PD
3 of:
- callous unconcern for feelings of others
- irresponsible and disregard for social norms/rules
- difficulty maintaining enduring relationships but no difficulty establishing them
- incapacity to feel guilt or to benefit from adverse experience in particular punishment
- low tolerance to frustration and low threshold for violence
- proneness to blame others
what are the 2 types of emotionally unstable PD
impulsive and borderline
describe impulsive EUPD
3 of:
- act unexpectedly without consideration of the consequences
- quarrelsome behaviour and conflicts with others especially if impulsive acts are criticised
- outbursts of anger/violence
- unstable mood
- inability to maintain course of action that offers no immediate reward
what predisposes to EUPD
adverse childhood experience
describe borderline EUPD
plus 2 of:
- disturbances in and uncertainty about self image, aims and internal preferences (including sexuality)
- intense and unstable relationships leading to emotional crisis
- excessive efforts to avoid abandonment
- recurrent threats or acts of self harm
- chronic feeling of emptiness
what cluster is histrionic PD part of
cluster B
describe histrionic PD
4 of:
- suggestible
- inappropriately seductive in appearance or behaviour
- overly concerned with physical attractiveness
- continually seeks excitement and activities in which they are the centre of attention
- shallow/labile affectivity
- self-dramatisation, theatricality or exaggerated expression of emotions
what character in a movie has a histrionic PD
regina george
what is the PD that DSM-V includes in cluster 2
Narcissistic PD
what character has a narcissistic PD
walter white
hitler
describe narcissistic PD
5 of:
- grandiose logic of self importance
- fixation with idea of infinite success
- think they are exceptional/extraordinary
- desire for unwarranted admiration
- interpersonally oppressive behaviours
- sense of entitlement
- no form of empathy
- resentment of others or conviction that others resent them
- egotistical and conceited behaviours
what cluster is anankastic PD in
cluster C - SAD
what is the DSM-V name for anankastic PD
OCPD
describe anankastic PD
5 of:
- feelings of excessive doubt and caution
- preoccupation with details
- perfectionism that interferes with task completion
- excessive conscientiousness and scruptulousness
- undue preoccupation with productivity to exclusion of pleasure and relationships
- excessive pedantry and adherence to social conventions
- rigidity and stubbornness
- unreasonable expectation for others to submit to their way of doing things / unreasonable reluctance to allow others to do things
what character has anankastic PD
monica
what cluster is anxious PD in
C - SAD
describe anxious PD
4 of
- persistent feelings of tension/apprehension
- belief that they are socially inept/inferior to others
- excessive preoccupation about being criticised/rejected in social situations
- unwillingness to get involved with people unless certain of being liked
- restrictions to lifestyle because of need of security
- avoidance of social or occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fear of criticism
describe dependent PD
4 of:
- allowing others to make most of important life decisions
- subordination of own needs to those of others and undue compliance with their wishes
- unwillingness to make even reasonable demands on person they depend on
- feeling uncomfortable and helpless when alone
- fears of being left to take care of themselves
- limited capacity to make decisions without excessive advice
what should the focus of treatment of personality disorders be
comorbid conditions
is pharmacological management indicated in PDs
no
difficulties with impulse control
SSRI
affective dysregulation
SSRI or mirtazapine
cognitive perceptual symptoms
low dose antipsychotic
what are some non-pharmacological managements for EUPD
- dialectal behavioural therapy for 6-12 months
- mentalisation based therapy
- STEPPS
what is a psychological intervention for DPD
group based CBT
