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3a psychiatry > Psychosis and schizophrenia > Flashcards

Psychosis and schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychosis

A

an acute mental health state, resulting in delusional beliefs and hallucinations.

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2
Q

Give 3 possible causes of psychosis

A
  • schizophrenia
  • drug and alcohol abuse - eg amphetamines
  • neurological disorders
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3
Q

Define a delusion

A

Fixed, strange or irrational belief, which is firmly held, and out of context for the
individuals cultural background.

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4
Q

State and describe 3 different types of delusion

A
  • Delusions of grandeur – exaggerated ideas of importance – e.g. belief they are an important historical figure
  • Paranoia – e.g. belief in a plot against them
  • Somatic – belief that they have a terrible incurable illness
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5
Q

What is a hallucination

A

A sensory perception – which can be auditory, visual, touch or smell based – without an obvious real-world stimulus
* e.g. hearing voices, seeing figures which aren’t present

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6
Q

Give 4 differential diagnoses for psychosis

A
  • schizophrenia
  • bipolar
  • drugs - eg steroids, cannabis
  • organic disorders - eg epilepsy, trauma/ head injury
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7
Q

How is psychosis managed

A
  • most cases require admission
  • atypical antipsychotics
  • haloperidol
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8
Q

What is schizophrenia

A

chronic mental health disorder characterised by psychosis. Impairment of perception and thinking

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9
Q

Give 3 RFs for schizophrenia

A
  • FHx
  • substance misuse - cannabis, amphetamines
  • traumatic childhood events
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10
Q

Describe the prodrome period that precedes ‘true’ schizophrenic symptoms

A
  • loss of interest
  • social withdrawal
  • depression
  • anxiety
    classified if symptoms last over 6 months
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11
Q

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • first rank Sx
  • incongruity of affect - inappropriate emotional reactions
  • somatic passivity - believes sensations/ actions are being externally controlled
  • thought disorders - word salad (fragmented speech) , neologism (made up words), circumstantiality (long-windedness)
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12
Q

What are the most common type of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia

A

third person
may be single/ multiple voices

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13
Q

What are Schneider’s First Rank Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A
  • auditory hallucinations - mc
  • thought disorders (withdrawal, insertion and broadcasting)
  • delusional perception
  • passivity phenomenon
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14
Q

auditory hallucinations in which the person talks to the voice they hear are most commonly the result of what?

A

trauma

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15
Q

Give 3 types of auditory hallucination

A
  • third person - often critical of the individual
  • thought echo - hears thoughts spoken aloud
  • second person - talking to individual
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16
Q

Give 4 negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • Affective flattening - minimal emotional reaction
  • Alogia - reduced speech
  • anhedonia - lack on interest in activities
  • avolition - lack of motivation in life
17
Q

How is schizophrenia diagnosed

A

DSM-5/ ICD-11
* 2 or more of the following present for at least one month, for most days and have some level of disturbance for 6m
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disorganised thinking
- Negative symptoms
- Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour

18
Q

How is schizophrenia managed

A
  • psychological therapies - CBT, early intervention, family therapy
  • social support
  • 1st line: oral atypical antipsychotics
  • 2nd: switch to another antipsychotic
  • if 2 other antipsychotics have not been effective consider clozapine
19
Q

Why are atypical antipsychotics recommended over typical ones in the treatment of schizophrenia

A

both are effective in reducing positive symptoms but atypical agents in particular are also effective at improving the negative symptoms

20
Q

How may antipsychotics be administered if there’s a compliance issue

A

depot every 2-4 weeks

21
Q

Name 2 antipsychotics that can be given via depot in the treatment of schizophrenia

A
  • aripiprazole
  • risperidone
22
Q

Non-auditory hallucination can occur in schizophrenia but are most common in which type of conditions

A

organic conditions

23
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder

A

combines the symptoms of schizophrenia with bipolar disorder. Patients have psychosis and symptoms of depression and mania

24
Q

What is a delusional perception

A

occurs when the patient experiences an ordinary and unremarkable perception that triggers a sudden, often self-related delusion

25
Q

What is a pseudohallucination

A

false sensory perception in the absence of external stimuli when the affected is aware that they are hallucinating

3a psychiatry (10 decks)

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