Personality and identity Flashcards
What is a personality disorder
- a group of mental health conditions characterised by persistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are significantly different from cultural expectations
- These patterns can lead to distress or problems in personal, social, and occupational functioning
Give the features of a personality disorder according to ICD 11
- Pervasive and inflexible across different situations
- Impairments in relating to self and/or others
- Onset adolescence / early adult
- Deviates from cultural expectations
- stable over time
- patterns are not explained by another a medical condition, or substance misuse.
What are the Personality Disorder Trait Domains in ICD-11 used for?
They represent the predominant problematic areas in an individual’s personality
State the 6 Personality Disorder Trait Domains used in ICD-11
- internalising: negative affectivity, detachment, anankastia
- externalising: dissociality, disinhibition, borderline pattern
What are the key characteristics of the Negative Affectivity trait domain?
- Tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, guilt, and anger
- Individuals may have mood swings, insecurity, and emotional lability.
What defines the Detachment trait domain?
- Avoidance of social interactions, emotional withdrawal, and limited pleasure from relationships
- Individuals may appear cold, aloof, and isolated.
What are the key features of the Dissociality trait domain?
- Disregard for the rights and feelings of others, lack of empathy, and difficulty forming prosocial relationships.
- Impulsivity and manipulative behaviours are common.
What defines the Disinhibition trait domain?
- Impulsiveness, risk-taking, and difficulty controlling behaviours
- Individuals may struggle with planning and foresight, leading to reckless actions.
What are the characteristics of the Anankastia trait domain?
- Preoccupation with orderliness, control, and perfectionism
- Individuals may be rigid, stubborn, and excessively focused on rules and details.
What define the Borderline Pattern trait domain?
- individuals showing emotional instability, intense and unstable interpersonal relationships, a fluctuating sense of identity, and impulsivity
- It is similar to EUPD in ICD-10 and DSM-5
Give RFs for developing personality disorders
- attachment issues in childhood
- FHx
- trauma
- Female
How are personality disorders broadly categorised by DSM-V
- Cluster A - odd/ suspicious
- Cluster B - emotional/ impulsive
- Cluster C - anxious/ fearful
Give 3 types of personality disorder that fall under cluster A
- Paranoid
- Schizoid
- Schizotypal
Give 4 types of personality disorder that fall under cluster B
- Antisocial
- Emotionally unstable (borderline)
- Histrionic
- Narcissistic
Give 3 types of personality disorder that fall under cluster C
- Obsessive-compulsive
- Dependant
- Anxious avoidant
Features of Paranoid personality disorder
- difficulty in trusting or revealing personal information to others
- Hypersensitivity and an unforgiving attitude when insulted
- Unwarranted tendency to questions the loyalty of friends/ partners
- Reluctance to confide in others
Features of Schizoid personality disorder
- emotionally cold, Lack of desire for companionship
- Preference for solitary activities, few friends
- Lack of interest in sexual interactions
- Indifference to praise and criticism
Define Schizotypal personality disorder
- Odd beliefs and magical thinking
- Odd, eccentric behaviour
- Lack of close friends other than family members
- Odd speech without being incoherent
Features of Antisocial personality disorder
- More common in men
- Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviours
- Impulsiveness or failure to plan ahead
- Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others
- Deception - repeated lying
- Irritability and aggressiveness
Features of emotionally unstable (Borderline) personality disorder
- unstable affect
- intense unstable relationships
- fears and attempts to avoid abandonment
- unstable self-image
- impulsivity and self harm
- transient stress induced paranoia
Features of Histrionic personality disorder
- Need to be the centre of attention
- Rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions
- Inappropriate sexual seductiveness
Features of Narcissistic personality disorder
- Grandiose sense of self importance
- Preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, or beauty
- Sense of entitlement
- arrogant and lacking empathy
Features of Avoidant personality disorder
- Preoccupied with ideas that they are being criticised or rejected in social situations
- Avoidance of occupational activities which involve significant interpersonal contact
- Social isolation accompanied by a craving for social contact
Features of dependent personality disorder
- Difficulty in expressing disagreement with others due to fears of losing support
- Lack of initiative
- Urgent search for another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends
- Unrealistic feelings that they cannot care for themselves
- heavy reliance on others to assume responsibility for major areas of their life
Features of Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
- meticulous and rigid with respect to morals, ethics, or values
- Demonstrates perfectionism that hampers with completing tasks
- Is occupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or agenda
- Is unwilling to pass on tasks or work with others except if they surrender to exactly their way of doing things
How are personality disorder diagnosed
- psych Hx and MSE
- personality diagnostic questionnaire (PDQ-IV)
- Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
How are personality disorders managed
- risk management - self-harm, suicide, harm to others
- psychotherapy - dialectical BT, CBT, mentalisation based therapy
- trauma processing
- no specific meds - can treat depression/anxiety
Give 4 features of dialectal behaviour therapy
- mindfulness
- emotional regulation
- distress tolerance
- interpersonal effectiveness
