Psychosis Flashcards
what is psychosis?
difficulty perceiving and interpreting reality
what are all of the positive symptoms of psychosis?
hallucinations
delusions
what are hallucinations?
percepts in absence of a stimuli
what are delusions?
fixed, false beliefs out of keeping with social/cultural background
what are all of the types of hallucinations?
auditory - voices commenting on you/talking to each other
visual
somatic/tactile
olfactory (rare)
what are all the types of delusion?
persecutory control reference mind reading grandiosity religious guilt somatic thought broadcasting/insertion/withdrawal
what are the negative symptoms of psychosis?
alogia
anhedonia
avolition/apathy
affective flattening
what is alogia?
poverty of speech
slow to respond, little content
how does anhedonia present?
few close friends
few hobbies/interests
impaired social functioning
how does avolition/apathy present?
poor self care
lack of persistence at work/education
lack of motivation
what is affective flattening?
unchanging facial expressions, few expressive gestures poor eye contact monotone (lack of intonation) inappropriate reactions (smiling talking about something sad)
what are the disorganisation symptoms of psychosis?
bizarre behaviour/appearance
thought disorder
what is thought disorder?
derailment circumstantial speech pressured speech distractibility incoherent/illogical speech
what is the typical onset of psychosis?
can occur at any age
peak incidence at adolescence/early 20s
peak later in women
what is the typical course of psychosis?
chronic and episodic
very variable
what is the morbidity for psychosis?
substantial - disorder and increased risk of common health issues
significant impact on education, employment and functioning
what is the mortality of psychosis?
substantial - 15yr life expectancy loss
28% excess mortality for suicide
all mortality causes 2.5% inc.
what is the typical layout for a psychiatric history?
history of presenting concern past psychiatric history background history past medical history and medicines corroborative/collateral history
what are all the points for mental state examination?
appearance + behaviour speech mood thoughts perceptions cognition insight
what are the environmental risk factors for psychosis?
drugs
prenatal/birth complications
maternal illness
what is the management for psychosis?
pharmalogical - antipsychotics etc
psychological - CBT, avatar therapy
social support
what are the side effects of antipsychotics?
constipation parkinsonism akathisia tardive dyskinesia agranulocytosis, neutropenia increased appetite, weight gain, diabetes dysrhythmia, long QTc hyperprolactinaemia
