Dementia

Question 1

alzheimers

Answer 1

neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive cognitive, social and functional impairment

Question 2

causes of dementia

Answer 2

Alzheimer’s
Vascular dementia
Frontotemporal dementia
Lewy body dementia

Question 3

reversible causes of dementia

Answer 3

Depression
Alcohol related brain damage
Endocrine
Vitamin B deficiencies
Benign Tumors

Question 4

what is dementia

Answer 4

severe loss of memory and other cognitive abilities which leads to impaired daily function (regardless of the underlying cause)

Question 5

dementia investigations

Answer 5

Neuropsychology
Bloods
MRI
PET

Question 6

bloods for dementia

Answer 6

FBC
Inflammatory markers
Thyroid function
Renal function
Glucose
B12 and folate
Clotting

Question 7

MRI results for alzheimers

Answer 7

Narrow gyri
Widened sulci
Ventricles dilate
Medial temporal volume loss
Hippocampus volume loss

Question 8

management for dementia

Answer 8

Acetylcholinesterase inhbitors
Watch and wait
Treat behavioural symptoms
Anti-depressants
Social Services

Question 9

alzheimers presentation

Answer 9

subtle, insidious onset

amnesia

Question 10

presentation of vascular dementia

Answer 10

step wise deterioration

related to underlying CV disorder

Question 11

lewy body dementia presentation

Answer 11

fluctuations in cognition

Cognitive impairment before/within 1 year of parkinsonian symptoms, visual hallucinations

Question 12

presentation of frontotemporal dementia

Answer 12

behavioural issues
semantic dementiA
progressive non fluent aphasia

Question 13

what is the mMSE

Answer 13

mini mental state examination

Question 14

what is the ACE screening tool

Answer 14

addenbrooks cognitive assessment

Question 15

episodic memory

Answer 15

Memory for a particular life events

Dependent on the medial temporal lobes including the hippocampus

Question 16

how does lewy body dementia look on MRI

Answer 16

preserved hippocampal volume

Question 17

what section of ACE may someone wih alzheimers struggle

Answer 17

name address

acute memory

Question 18

what must be taken into account during an ACE

Answer 18

context of individual - socioeconomic status
educational background
political awareness
social interactions

Question 19

what may show visuospatial issues within the ACE

Answer 19

drawing
indentifying partial letter
looking at diagrams, counting spots without pointing

Question 20

delirium vs dementia

Answer 20

delirium related to physical condition and acute

dementia long standing, usually unchanging based on environment

Question 21

what is the head turning sign of alzheimers

Answer 21

looking around to see others’ answers to question as they dont know the answer

Question 22

CSF results for alzheimers

Answer 22

lower amyloid

higher Tau proteins

Question 23

what specific marker on PET scan is there for lewy body dementia

Answer 23

decreased dopamine transporters caudate and putamen

Question 24

what MRI sign can show frontotemporal dementia

Answer 24

loss/atrophy and assymetry of peri-sylvian fissure

Question 25

what MRI sign can show frontotemporal dementia

Answer 25

loss/atrophy and assymetry of peri-sylvian fissure