Dementia Flashcards
alzheimers
neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive cognitive, social and functional impairment
causes of dementia
Alzheimer’s
Vascular dementia
Frontotemporal dementia
Lewy body dementia
reversible causes of dementia
Depression Alcohol related brain damage Endocrine Vitamin B deficiencies Benign Tumors
what is dementia
severe loss of memory and other cognitive abilities which leads to impaired daily function (regardless of the underlying cause)
dementia investigations
Neuropsychology
Bloods
MRI
PET
bloods for dementia
FBC Inflammatory markers Thyroid function Renal function Glucose B12 and folate Clotting
MRI results for alzheimers
Narrow gyri Widened sulci Ventricles dilate Medial temporal volume loss Hippocampus volume loss
management for dementia
Acetylcholinesterase inhbitors Watch and wait Treat behavioural symptoms Anti-depressants Social Services
alzheimers presentation
subtle, insidious onset
amnesia
presentation of vascular dementia
step wise deterioration
related to underlying CV disorder
lewy body dementia presentation
fluctuations in cognition
Cognitive impairment before/within 1 year of parkinsonian symptoms, visual hallucinations
presentation of frontotemporal dementia
behavioural issues
semantic dementiA
progressive non fluent aphasia
what is the mMSE
mini mental state examination
what is the ACE screening tool
addenbrooks cognitive assessment
episodic memory
Memory for a particular life events
Dependent on the medial temporal lobes including the hippocampus
how does lewy body dementia look on MRI
preserved hippocampal volume
what section of ACE may someone wih alzheimers struggle
name address
acute memory
what must be taken into account during an ACE
context of individual - socioeconomic status
educational background
political awareness
social interactions
what may show visuospatial issues within the ACE
drawing
indentifying partial letter
looking at diagrams, counting spots without pointing
delirium vs dementia
delirium related to physical condition and acute
dementia long standing, usually unchanging based on environment
what is the head turning sign of alzheimers
looking around to see others’ answers to question as they dont know the answer
CSF results for alzheimers
lower amyloid
higher Tau proteins
what specific marker on PET scan is there for lewy body dementia
decreased dopamine transporters caudate and putamen
what MRI sign can show frontotemporal dementia
loss/atrophy and assymetry of peri-sylvian fissure
what MRI sign can show frontotemporal dementia
loss/atrophy and assymetry of peri-sylvian fissure
