psychoses Flashcards
what are some psychotic experiences
-hallucinations
-ideas of reference
-delusions
-formal thought of disorder
-thought interference
-passivity phenomena
-loss of insight
what is a hallucination
a perception which occurs in the absence of an external stimulus
what are ideas of reference
innocuous or coincidental events will be ascribed significant meaning by the person
e.g. thinking that there really are messages in the newspaper about them
what are self-referential experiences
the belief that external events are related to oneself
-can vary in intensity from a brief thought, to frequent and intrusive thoughts to delusional intensity
what is a delusion
a fixed, falsely held belief
-held with unshakeable conviction
-impervious to logical argument or evidence to the contrary
what is a primary delusion
arrive fully formed in the consciousness without need for an explanation
what is a secondary delusion
often attempts to explain anomalous experiences e.g. hallucinations, passivity experiences, depression
thought disorder
-thoughts cannot be directly observed, must be inferred from patterns of speech
-clanging and punning
-loosening of associations
-knight’s move thinking
-neologisms
-circumstantiality/tangentiality
-word salad
thought insertion
“there are thoughts being put into my head that don’t belong to me - i haven’t thought them”
drug induced psychosis
-may be florid acute symptoms or more insidious and chronic
-tend to be short lasting if access to the psychoactive substance is removed
depressive psychosis
typified by mood congruent content of psychotic symptoms
-delusions of worthlessness/guilt/hypochondriasis/poverty
-hallucinations/insulting/threatening voices
-Cottard’s syndrome
mania with psychosis
-mood congruent content of psychotic symptoms
-delusions of grandeur/special ability/persecution/religiosity
-hallucinations
-flight of ideas
what is delirium
acute transient disturbance from the persons normal cognitive function
-clouding of consciousness
-worse at night
-impaired concentration/memory
-visual hallucinations/illusions
-presecutory delusions
-psychomotor disturbance
-irritability
-insomnia
what is persistent delusional disorder
systematised, fixed delusions the major or only feature
what is schizotypical disorder
A disorder chracterised by eccentric behaviour and anomalies of thinking and affect which resemble those seen in SZ, though no definate and characteristic SZ anomalies occur at any stage
what is acute and transient psychotic disorder
schizophrenia like symptoms lasting less than one month
what is schizoaffective disorder
first rank symptoms + depression or mania
what are the positive symptoms
-hallucinations
-delusions
-passivity phenomena
-disorder of the form of thought
what are the negative symptoms
-reduced amount of speech
-reduced motivation/drive
-reduced interest/pleasure
-reduced social interaction
-blunting of affect
what can cause psychotic symptoms
-organic
-substance misuse
-paranoid psychoses
-mood disorders
-anxiety disorders
-behavioural syndromes
-disorders of adult personality
what does 3rd person auditory hallucinations suggest
schizophrenia
what can cause delirium
-insult to brain
-infection
-medical/surgical inpatients
-septicaemia
-organ failure
-hypoglycaemia
-post op hypoxia
-encephalitis
-stroke
-space occupying lesion
-drug intoxication
-drug withdrawal
what are the symptoms of schizotypal disorder
The symptoms may include a cold or inappropriate affect, anhedonia, odd or eccentric bhaviour, a tendency to social withdrawal, paranoid or bizarre ideas not amounting to true delisions, obsessive episodes which intense illusios, auditory or other hallucinaions and delusion-like ideas, usually occuring without external provocation
what are the other types of paranoid psychoses
-persistent delusional disorder
-schizotypal disorder
-acute and transient psychotic disorder
-increased delusional disorder
-schizoaffective disorder
