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psych > pharmacology of antidepressants > Flashcards

pharmacology of antidepressants Flashcards

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1
Q

name some antidepressants

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
-tricyclics
-other non-selective reuptake inhibitors
-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors

Atypical drugs (post-synaptic receptor effects)

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2
Q

examples of monoamines

A

-dopamine
-serotonin
-noradrenaline

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3
Q

general mechanism of action of antidepressants

A

increase monoaminergic transmission

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4
Q

serotonin projection pathways

A
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5
Q

serotonergic synapse

A
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6
Q

examples of monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

-phenelzine
-moclobemide

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7
Q

mechanism of action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

Irreversible (Phenelzine) or reversible (Moclobemide) inhibitors of MAO-A and B.

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8
Q

side effects of MAO inhibitors

A

-“Cheese reaction” / hypertensive crisiscaused by inhibition of MAO-A in gut (& liver) by irreversible inhibitors preventing breakdown of dietary tyramineand by multiple drug that potentiate amine transmission (e.g. pseudoephedrine, other antidepressants)
-Potentiates effects of other drugs (e.g. barbiturates) by decreasing their metabolism
-Insomnia
-Postural hypotension
-Peripheral oedema

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9
Q

what can’t you eat if you’re on a MAO inhibitor

A

cheese or anything with yeast or gravy

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10
Q

examples of tricyclic antidepressants

A

Imipramine
Dosulepin
Amitriptyline
Lofepramine

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11
Q

mechanism of action of tricyclics

A

Block the reuptake of monoamines (mainly noradrenaline and 5-HT) into presynaptic terminals

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12
Q

side effects of tricyclics

A

-Anticholinergic-blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
-Sedation
-Weight gain
-Cardiovascular-Postural hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmias
-Cardiotoxic in overdose

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13
Q

SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors examples

A

-Fluoxetine
-Citalopram / Escitalopram
-Sertraline
-Paroxetine

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14
Q

mode of action of SSRIs

A

Selectively inhibit reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) from the synaptic cleft.

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15
Q

side effects of SSRIs

A

Nausea
Headache
Worsened anxiety
Transient increase in self-harm / suicidal ideation in <25 years

Sweating / vivid dreams
Sexual dysfunction
Hyponatraemia (in elderly)

Discontinuation effects

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16
Q

examples of SNRIs

A

-venlafaxine
-duloxetine

17
Q

mode of action of SNRIs

A

Block the reuptake of monoamines (noradrenaline and 5-HT) into presynaptic terminals.

18
Q

side effects of SNRIs

A

Similar to SSRIsLack major receptor-blocking actions (e.g. anticholinergic) so more limited range of side effects than tricyclics

19
Q

example of atypical antidepressants

A

mirtazapine

20
Q

side effects of atypical antidepressants

A

weight gain and sedation
-but can block serotenergic side effects if given with SSRIs

21
Q

what drugs have the worst withdrawals

A

-venlafaxine
-paroxetine

22
Q

should you stop antidepressants suddenly

A

nah probs not

psych (14 decks)

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