Psychopharmacology

Question 1

neuropsychopharmacology vs pharmacology?

Answer 1

psychopharmacology

• study of drug effects on mood, perception, cognition, & behaviour
• psychoactive drugs
• cns (brain and spinal cord)

-neuropsychopharmacology is hwo drugs affect nervous system and how those changes affect our mood perception thinking or behavior

pharmacology is generalized on other things like heart rate.

• behavioral pharmacology
  measure behavior as a tangible source. how drugs affect behaviour i.e., operant conditioning, classical conditioning.

Question 2

psychopharmacology is important, why?

Answer 2

drugs are heart of human existince
using psychoactive drugs common - the norm. caffeine everywhere

drug use is ubiquitous

provides insight into human behaviour as a result of a drug effect

addiction is common, solutions are unsatisfactory .

Question 3

Drugs? man what are they?

Answer 3

adminstered substance that affects physiological functioning

• if not adminstered then they arent drugs i.e., testorone within the body
• water is adminstered therefore it is arbitrary. but universally considered not a drug. a walk.

Question 4

Where are we getting the drug tho?

Answer 4

outside of body = exogenous

inside of body = endogenous

Question 5

Why we using drugs tho?

Answer 5

instrumental drug use - accomplish a specific purpose i.e., ibuprofen for headaches

recreational drug use- sole reason of experiencing the drugs effects.

beer for stress? instrumental?
xanax for fun? recreational
more context needed

Question 6

lets give drugs some names?

Answer 6

trade names = brand names = common

generic names - not trademarked, give little info about drugs category.

chemical names - no one uses lol; IUPAC - draw drug - complete detail of chemical structure

street names- speed, molly, crystal, kush.

Question 7

drug effects tho. tell me about that for a sec

Answer 7

Dose- higher dose=more drug-more complicated

How much of drug for how much entity there is. (bigger human, more drug for same effect for smaller human)

amount of drug/body weight
mg/kg or microgram/kg depending on potency

dose effect/response curve- scatter plot of best fit through.
y axis- how many people are responding to it or how strong the effect is (remove headache?)

ED50 - median effective dose

• 50% of effectiveness
• draw line from the 50% mark
• experimentally derived only

effect is arbitrary. vary depending what is researched. avg mg/kg

potency? more potent=response curve will shift to left. less of drug to achieve same effect.

less potent shifts to right. more of drug to achieve same effect

Question 8

Drug effects part two. Toxic dose

Answer 8

measured same as ED.
TD50- 50% had adverse reaction or 50% of adverse reaction

TD50 far right of ED50. cant be left cuz that means ED50 is past the toxic dose.

how safe is it then?

Therapeutic Index/Window

• TD50/ED50
• 10/5=2. TI 2,4,10 - 10 = ED and TD are from another. slim to hit TD ie margin of safety

comparing drugs; not conservative. when anyone has a TD effect ie TD1

ED99 where most people get effect or where 99% of effect is there

CSI
TD1/ED99 - FDA- no harm and beneficial
1 vs 7 = 1 is a safer drug. dose where is good is no where near where TD happens

Most toxic- dieeee
Lethal Dose - LD50

50% die.

Question 9

Lets go back to pharmacology

Answer 9

Pharmacodynamics

• physiological actions of drugs
• mechanism of drug (receptor battle, metabolic change)

Pharmacokinetics

• how drugs are passing through body;movement of drugs
• absorbed how? break down?brain takes it like a shot?
• how do they go away

Pharmacogenetics

• how difference in genes lead to difference in dynamics and kinetics
• tolerance, number of enzymes

Question 10

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG SHIT

Answer 10

objective effects

• capable of directly measuring the effect
• how does drug change heart rate

subjective effects

• cant be directly observed
• memory, but cant hold a measure. need a subjective measure to indirectly inferring.