Brain Basics Flashcards
Brain facts
2-3% body weight 20% of energy slightly larger in men neurons, glia, stem cells, blood vessels, 100billion neurons or less- mainly in cerebellum tofu consistency convoluted cells do not replace
intelligence?
size does not matter
number of neurons density - cortical density
nervous system cells?
neurons
- carry action potentials
- unique because they can communicate quickly and far away, targeted fashion
-
dendrite - soma-axon-terminals
input-body-single axon-neurotransmitter released
-pyramidal, stellate,purkinje
- projection neurons
axon is hellla long that can projects far away in the brain - interneurons
axons project locally.
glia
- glue cells
structural support role
- active roles too
macroglia microglia -get really big and eat it schawann -myelin -single axon in pns
oligodendrocyte
- myelin sheath
- faster AP
- CNS
- several axons
astrocytes
- part of BBB
-provide nutrition to neurons
control over synaptic environment regulation
central dogma of molecular biology
pharmacogenetics - DNA - mRNA - Protein transcriotion into RNA Translation into Protein protein for everything in brain to help functions. we are our proteins
different genes for types of proteins means different action or effect
some breakdown drugs faster than others- lasts longer
terms
genes-starting and stopping point coded within a protein
polymorphism - genetic differences/variations
difference in transcription
epigenetics
- pass on my genes right?
- nah, we can pass some
- how genes are stored essentially (loose=easy to transcribe)
neurogenetics
- studying all genes related to ns function and development
GMO
transgenic animal-genetically modified in some way (add/remove)
knockout - remove gene, grows without gene
conditional- express gene, then it will eventually be turned off.
locating a single region for a single behaviour
enormous
three supports for the brain + drugs
forebrain mid brain and hindbrain
effects on hindbrain not forebrain
